Kunjen, or Uw, is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Uw Oykangand, Olkola, and related Aboriginal Australian peoples. It is closely related to Kuuk Thaayorre, and perhaps Kuuk Yak.
Dialects Two of its dialects, Uw Olkola (Olgolo) and Uw Oykangand (Koko Wanggara), are very close, being mutually intelligible and sharing 97% of their core vocabulary. Another two, Ogh-Undjan and Kawarrangg, are also close, but somewhat more distant from the first pair. Kokinj (Kokiny) is a subdialect of Ogh-Undjan. A fifth variety, Athima, is poorly attested.
Below is a table showing the mutual intelligibility in vocabulary between the Kunjen dialects, based on a list of 100 basic words.
Uw Oykangand 97% 44% 38% Uw Olkola 43% 38% Ogh-Undjan 82% Kawarrangg
A small dictionary of Kunjen has been compiled by Philip Hamilton. A great majority of words begin with a vowel (>96%), similar to the situation in distantly-related Arrernte. Exceptions include kinship terms and loanwords. Syllable onsets are thought to be present in all languages, so their absence in native lexicon is highly notable.
Respect register As in many other Australian languages, such as Dyirbal, Kunjen also has a respect register, which is a polite way of speaking with a potential mother-in-law and is called Olkel-Ilmbanhthi. Most of the vocabulary is replaced, while affixes and function words are kept.
Phonology
Vowels Kunjen has 5 vowels:
+Vowels Front Back Unrounded Rounded Close Mid Open
There is a lexical vowel harmony constraint in Kunjen: Close and mid vowels do not co-occur in a word.
Consonants Kunjen has 27 consonants:
+Consonants Peripheral Laminal Apical Bilabial Velar Palatal Dental Alveolar Retroflex Plosive voiceless voiced Nasal plain prestopped Fricative Trill Approximant Central Lateral
In popular culture The Uw Olkola word for the freshwater crocodile, , was used as the name of a tribe on the second season of the American reality television series Survivor in 2001.
References
Further reading