Clara Hätzlerin (c. 1430 – 1476/7) was a professional scribe active in fifteenth-century Augsburg. She is the only female scribe whose copying of texts for pay is documented in contemporaneous sources: she appears in the tax books of Augsburg between 1452 and 1476.Ingeborg Giler, "Hätzlerin, Klara," in Verfasserlexicon (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1981), 3:547-9.
Her 1471 Liederbuch (songbook), a varied collection of love poems and an important literary manuscript, was among the sources used by composer Carl Orff for his tragic Die Bernauerin (1947).
Background Hätzler was born into a family of notaries in Augsburg. Her father Bartolomäus is attested as a so-called Briefschreiber, who as a messenger tended to the legal claims of rich citizens. He is referred to in the tax books of Augsburg between 1409 and 1443, in a book of official correspondence, and as a witness in a letter of Marx Lang.Eduard Gebele, "Clara Hätzlerin," in Lebensbildern aus dem Bayerischen Schwaben (Munich: Hueber, 1958), 6:26-37. Bartolomäus's legal practice was taken over at his death in 1444/45 by his eldest son, also called Bartolomäus, who is attested as a public notary between 1451 and 1496.
Activity as a professional scribe Augsburg was an important centre for professional scribes. Besides Hätzlerin, other calligraphers such as Heinrich Molitor, Heinrich Lengefeld, and Konrad Bollstatter are known to have worked there. It was common for scribes carry out such work in conjunction with other employment in legal, civic, or managerial roles. In Hätzlerin's case, she copied out manuscripts on order from clients while working in the legal practice of her father and brother.
A total of eight manuscripts survive which Hätzerlin is known to have copied:
Johannes Hartlieb: Buch aller verbotenen Kunst. Now Heidelberg, Cpg 478 (ca. 1465)Signature "Clara Hätzlerin" in the manuscript Heidelberg Cpg 478 Die bekrönung kaiser Fridrichs. Now Heidelberg, Cpg 677 (1467)Signature "Clara Hätzlerin" in the manuscript Heidelberg Cpg 677 Beizbüchlein. Now Donaueschingen, Hs. 830 (1468) Liederbuch der Clara Hätzlerin. Now Prague, Nat. mus. ms. X. A. 12 (1470/71) Heinrich Münsinger: Von den valcken, habichen, sperbern, pfäriden und hunden. Now Stuttgart, HB XI 51 (1473) Schwabenspiegel. Now Wien, OeNB, cvp Ser. n. 3614 (ca. 1450-1475) Augsburger Stadtrecht von 1276. Now Augsburg, SuStb. 2° Cod. Aug. 160 (undated) Der Heiligen Leben. Now Salzburg, St. Peter b. XII 19a.-b. (undated)
Commemoration Clara-Hätzler-Straße in Augsburg is named after her.
Hätzlerin is one of the 999 notable women whose names are displayed on the Heritage Floor of Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party art installation (1979)."Clara Hatzerlin." Heritage Floor, The Dinner Party. Brooklyn Museum. Accessed 5 Feb. 2023.
See also The Dinner Party List of women calligraphers List of women in the Heritage Floor
References
Further reading Burghart Wachinger, Liebe und Literatur im spätmittelalterlichen Schwaben und Franken, Zur Augsburger Sammelhandschrift der Clara Hätzlerin, DVjs 56 (1982), 386–406. Edmunds, Sheila. 'The Life and Work of Clara Hätzlerin' in Journal of the Early Book Society for the study of manuscripts and printing history (New York: Pace University Press): 2 (1999). Glaser, Elvira, 'Das Graphemsystem der Clara Hätzlerin im Kontext der Handschrift Heidelberg, Cpg. 677', in: Deutsche Sprache in Raum und Zeit, Festschrift für Peter Wiesinger zum 60. Geburtstag, eds. Ernst and Patocka, Vienna (1998), p. 479–494. Liederbuch der Clara Hätzlerin : aus der Handschrift des Böhmischen Museums zu Prag, ed. C. Haltaus. - Quedlinburg : Basse, 1840; reprint: . (Full text available in both English and German from the Internet Archive)