The demographics of Togo include ethnicity, population density, age, education level, health, economic status and religious affiliations.
Togo's population is estimated to have grown to four times its size between 1960 and 2010. With nearly 60% of its populace under the age of 25 and a high annual growth rate attributed largely to high fertility, Togo's population is likely to continue to expand for the foreseeable future. Reducing fertility, boosting job creation, and improving education will be essential to reducing the country's high poverty rate. In 2008, Togo eliminated primary school enrolment fees, leading to higher enrolment but increased pressure on limited classroom space, teachers, and materials. Togo has a good chance of achieving universal primary education, but educational quality, the underrepresentation of girls, and the low rate of enrolment in secondary and tertiary schools remain concerns.
Population Population distribution is very uneven due to soil and terrain variations. The population is generally concentrated in the south and along the major north-south highway connecting the coast to the Sahel. Age distribution is also uneven; nearly one-half of Togolese are less than fifteen years old.
French, the official language, is used in administration and documentation. The public primary schools combine French with Ewe or Kabye as languages of instruction, depending on the region. English is spoken in neighboring Ghana and is taught in Togolese secondary schools. As a result, many Togolese, especially in the south and along the Ghana border, speak some English.
+ Population census results Census date Population Average annual growth (%) Populationdensity/km2 Proportionurban (%)1-11-19581,444,481.259.41-3-19701,950,6462.73421.222-11-19812,719,5672.94825.26-11-20106,191,1552.910937.7 According to the total population was in , compared to only 1 395 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 39.6%, 56.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.4% was 65 years or older . Total populationPopulation aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%) 19501 395 00041.354.44.3 19551 475 00041.954.13.9 19601 578 00042.653.83.6 19651 700 00043.653.13.3 19702 097 00044.852.13.1 19752 380 00045.951.13.1 19802 667 00046.650.33.1 19853 161 00046.750.23.1 19903 666 00046.050.93.1 19954 085 00044.852.13.1 20004 794 00043.253.63.1 20055 408 00041.555.23.3 20106 028 00039.656.93.4
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 06.XI.2010): Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 3 009 095 3 182 060 6 191 155 100 0–4 456 524 444 747 901 271 14.56 5–9 482 501 469 199 951 700 15.37 10–14 390 477 357 249 747 726 12.08 15–19 313 257 293 144 606 401 9.79 20–24 252 807 292 438 545 245 8.81 25–29 214 803 282 019 496 822 8.02 30–34 199 636 224 744 424 380 6.85 35–39 166 528 185 480 352 008 5.69 40–44 139 731 151 853 291 584 4.71 45–49 112 191 116 255 228 446 3.69 50–54 82 969 95 264 178 233 2.88 55–59 54 936 61 014 115 950 1.87 60–64 44 431 58 263 102 694 1.66 65-69 26 700 39 624 66 324 1.07 70-74 24 127 37 629 61 756 1.00 75-79 13 250 20 324 33 574 0.54 80+ 27 960 45 631 73 591 1.19Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 1 329 502 1 271 195 2 600 697 42.01 15–64 1 581 289 1 760 474 3 341 763 53.98 65+ 92 037 143 208 235 245 3.80 Unknown 6 267 7 183 13 450 0.22
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Estimates 01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.): Age groupMaleFemaleTotal% Total 3 805 683 3 990 457 7 796 140 100 0–4 554 653 546 731 1 101 384 14.13 5–9 492 306 493 409 985 715 12.64 10–14 448 624 446 196 894 820 11.48 15–19 466 008 454 136 920 144 11.80 20–24 371 183 342 666 713 848 9.16 25–29 298 580 294 682 593 262 7.61 30–34 238 519 288 749 527 267 6.76 35–39 209 365 274 289 483 654 6.20 40–44 183 861 207 689 391 550 5.02 45–49 148 891 169 758 318 648 4.09 50–54 119 249 131 375 250 624 3.21 55–59 91 263 100 293 191 556 2.46 60–64 59 540 71 641 131 181 1.68 65-69 49 132 59 692 108 823 1.40 70-74 33 591 45 314 78 905 1.01 75-79 20 494 30 733 51 226 0.66 80+ 20 429 33 108 53 536 0.69Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent 0–14 1 495 583 1 486 336 2 981 919 38.25 15–64 2 186 454 2 335 274 4 521 728 58.00 65+ 123 646 168 847 292 493 3.75
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Togo not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population census. Mid-year populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCBRCDRNCTFRIMRLife expectancy (years)19501,399,00066,00035,00031,00047.224.822.46.51157.940.9219511,421,00068,00035,00032,00047.324.722.76.54157.141.0119521,445,00069,00035,00033,00047.424.522.96.55156.341.1719531,469,00070,00036,00034,00047.324.223.16.57155.441.3619541,494,00071,00036,00035,00047.224.023.26.57154.541.4519551,519,00072,00036,00035,00047.123.823.36.57153.741.5619561,544,00073,00036,00037,00047.123.523.66.59152.741.8019571,571,00074,00037,00038,00047.123.323.96.61151.741.9719581,597,00075,00037,00039,00047.123.024.16.63150.642.1619591,624,00077,00037,00040,00047.222.724.56.68149.542.4519601,651,00078,00037,00041,00047.222.424.86.72148.342.6919611,679,00080,00037,00042,00047.422.225.26.75147.042.8819621,707,00082,00038,00044,00047.622.025.76.80145.743.1519631,737,00083,00038,00046,00047.921.726.16.85144.343.3719641,773,00085,00038,00047,00047.921.426.46.87142.843.7019651,820,00087,00039,00049,00047.921.226.86.90141.243.9719661,882,00090,00039,00051,00048.020.827.26.94139.444.3719671,957,00093,00040,00053,00047.920.427.56.96137.544.8219682,039,00097,00041,00056,00047.820.027.86.98135.645.2819692,120,000101,00042,00060,00048.019.728.37.04133.545.6719702,197,000105,00042,00063,00047.919.328.67.07131.346.1219712,267,000109,00043,00066,00047.918.929.07.10129.146.5919722,331,000112,00043,00069,00047.918.529.37.12126.847.0919732,391,000115,00043,00071,00047.818.129.77.13124.447.6019742,450,000117,00044,00074,00047.717.730.07.15122.148.1019752,510,000120,00043,00076,00047.617.230.47.15119.848.7319762,570,000123,00043,00079,00047.516.830.77.14117.449.3319772,631,000125,00043,00081,00047.216.430.87.11115.149.7619782,693,000127,00043,00083,00046.916.130.87.06112.850.2319792,761,000128,00043,00085,00046.415.630.77.00110.550.7719802,838,000130,00043,00087,00045.915.330.76.94108.451.2319812,926,000133,00043,00090,00045.614.930.76.87106.251.7619823,023,000136,00044,00092,00045.114.530.66.77104.252.2619833,127,000139,00044,00095,00044.714.230.56.70102.352.6419843,232,000143,00045,00098,00044.313.830.56.62100.453.0919853,337,000146,00045,000101,00043.813.530.36.5498.753.4319863,439,000150,00046,000104,00043.513.330.26.4697.153.7119873,545,000153,00046,000107,00043.213.130.16.3995.754.0519883,653,000156,00047,000109,00042.812.929.96.3094.454.3519893,764,000159,00048,000111,00042.312.829.56.2293.254.3919903,876,000163,00049,000113,00041.912.729.26.1392.154.3719913,990,000166,00051,000115,00041.612.728.96.0591.154.2719924,106,000169,00052,000117,00041.112.628.55.9590.054.3019934,078,000172,00053,000119,00040.712.628.15.8588.954.2019944,093,000163,00051,000112,00040.312.627.75.7587.754.0419954,280,000169,00053,000116,00039.712.527.25.6586.354.0419964,446,000174,00055,000119,00039.312.426.85.5484.754.1019974,593,000178,00056,000122,00038.812.326.55.4483.054.1919984,728,000183,00058,000125,00038.812.326.65.3881.454.2019994,868,000189,00059,000130,00038.812.026.85.3479.454.5420005,008,000194,00060,000134,00038.711.926.85.2777.554.7420015,145,000198,00061,000138,00038.611.826.85.2375.654.8620025,282,000203,00061,000142,00038.411.526.95.1973.655.3120035,421,000207,00061,000146,00038.211.326.85.1571.855.6420045,565,000210,00063,000147,00037.711.326.45.0869.955.5720055,712,000215,00063,000152,00037.611.126.55.0768.255.9620065,874,000221,00064,000156,00037.610.926.75.0866.556.2220076,048,000229,00065,000164,00037.810.827.05.0964.956.5120086,222,000233,00066,000167,00037.610.726.95.0563.356.7020096,399,000240,00067,000173,00037.510.525.95.0361.757.0120106,572,000246,00068,000178,00037.410.327.05.0160.257.3020116,749,000247,00067,000180,00036.610.026.74.9258.657.9320126,927,000248,00068,000180,00035.89.926.04.8157.058.0720137,106,000251,00068,000183,00035.39.525.84.7255.458.6820147,288,000254,00069,000185,00034.89.425.44.6653.958.8520157,473,000257,00069,000189,00034.49.225.24.5952.459.4020167,661,000261,00070,000192,00034.19.125.04.5651.059.5520177,853,000264,00069,000195,00033.78.824.94.5049.660.1520188,047,000267,00071,000197,00033.28.824.44.4448.260.2420198,243,000270,00070,000200,00032.88.524.34.3946.860.9020208,566,000281,00073,000209,00032.58.424.14.3945.161.120218,774,000284,00074,000211,00032.08.323.74.3243.861.320228,983,000287,00072,000215,00031.57.923.74.2542.662.320239,196,000290,00072,000218,00031.17.723.44.1941.462.7 Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022
Demographic and Health Surveys Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Year Total Urban Rural CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR 1998 35,5 5,2 (4,2) 27,7 3,2 (2,6) 38,6 6,3 (5,2) 2013 32,9 4,8 (4,1) 32,2 3,7 (3,1) 33,2 5,7 (4,9)201731.64.428.93.333.15.2
Fertility data as of 2013-2014 and 2017 (DHS Program):
Region Total fertility rate(2013/14) Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49Total fertility rate(2017)Lomé 3.5 6.2 3.73.1Maritime (except Lomé) 5.2 9.5 5.14.2Plateaux 5.2 10.6 5.44.9Centrale 5.1 7.2 5.75.3Kara 5.3 9.7 6.15.1Savanes 6.0 9.3 7.35.7
Life expectancy at birth PeriodLife expectancy inYears1950–195535.301955–1960 38.661960–1965 41.891965–1970 45.021970–1975 48.071975–1980 50.931980–1985 53.581985–1990 55.411990–1995 55.781995–2000 53.712000–2005 53.882005–2010 55.802010–2015 59.07
Language and ethnicity Togo's population of million people ( est.) is composed of about 21 ethnic groups, the two biggest being Ewe in the South (about 21% of the population) and the Tèm in the Centre (Bafilo, Sokodé, Sotouboua (about 22% of the population); they also live in Ghana and Bénin in big numbers. Tèms have a lot ties with 2/3 of the country as they live in the center of Togo. They exercise diversely almost all occupations from farmers, motors mechanic to business people. Dagomba is the first most common language in the north, where other Gur languages such as Mossi and Gourma are also found.
The ethnic groups of the coastal region, particularly Ewe and Gen language (or Mina) (the two major African languages in the south), constitute the bulk of the civil servants, professionals, and merchants, due in part to the former colonial administrations which provided greater infrastructure development in the south. Most of the southern peoples use these two closely related languages, which are spoken in commercial sectors throughout Togo.
The Kabye live on marginal land and traditionally have emigrated south from their home area in the Kara region to seek employment. Their historical means of social advancement has been through the military and law enforcement forces, and they continue to dominate these services.
Other groups include the Akposso on the Central Plateau, the Ana people who are related to the Yoruba, and live in the center of the country, in the strip between Atakpame and Tchamba, the Bassar in the Centre-West, the Tchamba in the Centre-East and the Konkombas in the upper region of Bassar, the Lambas in the Kandé region, the Hausa, the Tamberma, the Losso and the Ouachi.
Religion Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <1%, Buddhist <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, none 6.2% (2020 est.)
References