The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is a maritime museum in Greenwich, London. It is part of Royal Museums Greenwich, a network of museums in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, it has no general admission charge; there are admission charges for most side-gallery temporary exhibitions, usually supplemented by many loaned works from other museums.

Creation and official opening The museum was created by the National Maritime Museum Act 1934National Maritime Museum, Governing Acts of Parliament . under a Board of Trustees, appointed by HM Treasury. It is based on the generous donations of Sir James Caird (1864–1954). King George VI formally opened the museum on 27 April 1937 when his daughter Princess Elizabeth accompanied him for the journey along the Thames from London. The first director was Sir Geoffrey Callender.ODNB article by Michael Lewis, 'Callender, Sir Geoffrey Arthur Romaine (1875–1946)’, rev. H. C. G. Matthew, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 23 September 2007.

Collection

Since the earliest times Greenwich has had associations with the sea and navigation. It was a landing place for the Romans, Henry VIII lived here, the Royal Navy has roots on the waterfront, and Charles II founded the Royal Observatory in 1675 for "finding the longitude of places". The home of Greenwich Mean Time and the Prime Meridian since 1884, Greenwich has long been a centre for astronomical study, while navigators across the world have set their clocks according to its time of day. The museum has the most important holdings in the world on the history of Britain at sea, comprising more than two million items, including maritime art (both British and 17th-century Dutch), cartography, manuscripts including official public records, ship models and plans, scientific and navigational instruments, and instruments for time-keeping and astronomy (based at the Observatory). Its holdings including paintings relating to Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson and Captain James Cook.

An active loans programme ensures that items from the collection are seen in the UK and abroad.

The museum aims to achieve a greater understanding of British economic, cultural, social, political and maritime history and its consequences in the world today. The museum plays host to various exhibitions, including Ships Clocks & Stars in 2014, Samuel Pepys: Plague, Fire, Revolution in 2015 and Emma Hamilton: Seduction and Celebrity in 2016.

The collection of the National Maritime Museum also includes items taken from the German Naval Academy Mürwik after World War II, including several ship models, paintings and flags. The museum has been criticised for possessing what has been described as "looted art"."Revealed: Nazi painting in London’s Maritime Museum looted by British." The Art Newspaper. 3 January 2007 How the London Maritime Museum rebuffed a German claim in 1965.] The Art Newspaper. 1 February 2007"Revealed: six paintings in Maritime Museum were seized by British troops from Nazi Germany." The Art Newspaper. 1 February 2007Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag: Gezeiten. Die letzten Tage der Dönitz-Regierung in Mürwik . 21. Dezember 2009; access: 27. August 2016 The museum regards these cultural objects as "war trophies", removed under the provisions of the Potsdam Conference.

The museum awards the Caird Medal annually in honour of its major donor, Sir James Caird.

In late August 2018, several groups were vying for the right to purchase the 5,500 relics that were an asset of the bankrupt Premier Exhibitions. Eventually, the National Maritime Museum, Titanic Belfast and Titanic Foundation Limited, as well as National Museums Northern Ireland, joined together as a consortium that was raising money to purchase the 5,500 artifacts. The group intended to keep all of the items together as a single exhibit. The oceanographer Robert Ballard said that he favoured this bid as it would ensure that the memorabilia would be permanently displayed in Belfast (where the Titanic was built) and in Greenwich. The museums were critical of the bid process set by the Bankruptcy Court in Jacksonville, Florida. The minimum bid for the auction on 11 October 2018 was set at US$21.5 million (£16.5m) and the consortium did not have enough funding to meet that amount.

Greenwich site The museum was officially established in 1934 within the of Greenwich Park in the buildings formerly occupied by the Royal Hospital School, before it moved to Holbrook in Suffolk.

The gardens immediately to the north of the museum were reinstated in the late 1870s following construction of the cut-and-cover tunnel between Greenwich and Maze Hill stations. The tunnel comprised part of the final section of the London and Greenwich Railway and opened in 1878.

A full redevelopment of the main galleries, centring on what was called Neptune Court, which was designed by Rick Mather Architects and funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, was completed in 1999.

In 2008, the museum announced that the Israeli shipping magnate Sammy Ofer had donated £20m for a new gallery.

Between 2016 and 2017 the National Maritime Museum reported 2.41 million visitors.

A major refurbishment of the main galleries, including replacement of the Neptune Court roof, was undertaken in the early 2020s. These works were completed in 2025, and the gallery was formally renamed the Ocean Court.

Prince Philip Maritime Collections Centre The museum has an additional site nearby, the Prince Philip Maritime Collections Centre in Kidbrooke, opened in 2018. This houses approximately 70,000 items from the collection, but is only open to the public on limited occasions, by means of (pre-booked) guided tours.

Directors of the National Maritime Museum

1937–1946: Geoffrey Callender 1947–1966: Frank George Griffith Carr 1967–1983: Basil Greenhill 1983–1986: Neil Cossons 1986–2000: Richard Louis Ormond (born 1939)Who's who entry for Richard Ormond 2000–2007: Rear Admiral Roy Clare (born 1950)Who's who entry for Roy Clare 2007–2019: Dr Kevin Fewster 2019–present: Paddy Rogers

Caird Medal

The Caird Medal was instituted in 1984 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the National Maritime Museum Act 1934 that established the museum. The medal is awarded annually to "an individual who, in the opinion of the Trustees of the National Maritime Museum, has done conspicuously important work in the field of the Museum's interests and is of a nature which involves communicating with the public." The medal is named for Sir James Caird (1864–1954), the principal donor at the founding of the National Maritime Museum.

Caird Medallists

1984: Eric McKee 1985: Michael S. Robinson. 1987: Jules van Beylen 1989: C. R. Boxer 1990: Helen Wallis 1991: John F. Coates and John Sinclair Morrison 1992: Richard OllardPenguin Books author biography: Richard Ollard , accessed 20 October 2007. 1993: Gerard L. E. Turner 1994: Glyndwr Williams 1995: Margaret Rule 1996: John de Courcy Ireland 1997: Felipe Fernández-Armesto 1998: Elly Dekker 1999: Elisabeth Mann-BorgeseThe Caird Lecture, 1999, by Elisabeth Mann-Borgese: "The economics and governance of the oceans" in Journal for Maritime Research, January 2000. accessed 20 October 2007. 2000: John HattendorfThe Caird Lecture, 2000, by John Hattendorf: "The Anglo-French Naval Wars (1689–1815) in twentieth-century naval thought" 2002: Robert Ballard 2004: Sir David AttenboroughReference to David Attenborough's Caird Medal Address in Cook's Log: the quarterly newsletter of the Captain Cook Society, Volume 27 No.4 (Oct–Dec 2004) accessed 20 October 2007. 2005: Paul KennedyInstitute of Historical Research Newsletter 2005: Peter Kennedy's Caird Medal Address noted accessed 20 October 2007. 2006: David ArmitageCaird Lecture, 2006, by David Armitage: "The Elephant and the Whale: Empires of Land and Sea" 2007: Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow 2010: Willem F. J. Mörzer Bruyns 2011: Daniel A. Baugh 2014: R. J. B. Knight 2015: Simon Schaffer 2024: N.A.M. Rodger

Other British maritime museums

The National Maritime Museum Cornwall is a fully independent museum, a development of the original FIMI (Falmouth International Maritime Initiative) partnership created in 1992 and the result of collaboration between the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich and the former Cornwall Maritime Museum in Falmouth.

Gallery

See also Britain and the Sea Greenwich Visitor Centre List of London museums National Historic Fleet National Museum of the Royal Navy National Waterways Museum—the UK's national museum of inland waterway transport Het Scheepvaartmuseum (Netherlands Maritime Museum)

References

External links

The official prints website of the National Maritime Museum containing a selection of the museum's finest images National Maritime Museum Photostream (many photos labelled "no known copyright restriction") at Flickr.com