New Right is a label to refer to various right-wing political groups, policies, ideologies, and viewpoints that emerged in different countries at different points in time. The usage of the term New Right's was to describe the emergence of certain European parties after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union.Hanley, Seán (2008). The New Right in the New Europe: Czech Transformation and Right-wing Politics, 1989–2006. Routledge.
Within the US, the term was used to describe a more combative, anti-egalitarian, and uninhibited right following the 1964 presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater. Although this American brand of New Right had little in common with the "European New Right," both used the expression "conservative revolution" (but only the European New Right used it in a way similar to that of the conservative revolutionary Moeller van den Bruck).
The Second New Right campaigned against abortion, LGBT civil rights, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), the Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most forms of taxation.
History The term New Right originally appeared during the 1964 presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater to designate the emergence, in response to American-style liberalism (i.e., social liberalism), of a more combative, anti-egalitarian, and uninhibited right. Popularized by Richard Viguerie, the term was later used to describe a broader global movement: proponents of the night-watchman state, who were also socially conservative, such as Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Turgut Özal, or Augusto Pinochet. However, as Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg point out, this leaning had only a few aspects in common with the "European New Right" that had been emerging since the 1960s, more inspired by the conservative revolutionary Moeller van den Bruck than by the classical liberal Adam Smith. Anarcho-capitalism, a form of libertarianism that advocates replacing all state institutions with private ones, is usually seen as part of the New Right.
New Right by country Australia In Australia, the New Right refers to a late 1970s/1980s onward movement both within and outside of the Liberal/National Coalition which advocates economically liberal and increasingly socially conservative policies (as opposed to the old right which advocated for economically conservative policies and "small-l liberals" with more socially liberal views).Verity Archer, "Dole bludgers, tax payers and the New Right: Constructing discourses of welfare in 1970s Australia." Labour History 96 (2009): 177–190. In contrast to the United Kingdom and United States, but similar to neighbouring New Zealand, the 1980s saw the Australian Labor Party pursue Third Way economic reforms, which bore some familiarity to New Right ideology. The establishment of the Howard government in 1996 ended the 13-year rule of the Hawke-Keating Labor governments. Howard increased economic reforms, including wholesale labor market deregulation (e.g., WorkChoices), the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), the privatisation of the telecommunications monopoly Telstra, and sweeping welfare reform including "work for the dole". The H. R. Nicholls Society, a think tank which advocates full workplace deregulation, contains some Liberal MPs as members and is seen to be of the New Right.Marian Sawer, Australia and the new right (Sydney: G. Allen & Unwin, 1982).
Economic liberalism is also called economic rationalism in Australia. The term economic rationalism was first used by Labor's Gough Whitlam. to describe a market-oriented form of social democracy, but its meaning subsequently evolved. It is a philosophy which tends to advocate a free market economy, increased deregulation, privatisation, lower direct taxation and higher indirect taxation, and a reduction of the size of the welfare state. The politicians favouring the New Right were referred to as dries, while those advocating continuation of the economic policies of the post-war consensus, typically Keynesian economics, or were more socially liberal, were called wets (the term wets was similarly used in Britain to refer to those Conservatives who opposed Thatcherite economic policies, but dries in this context was much rarer in British usage).Hugh Collins, "Political ideology in Australia: the distinctiveness of a Benthamite society." Daedalus (1985): 147–169. online
Brazil The New Right in Brazil has grown sharply in recent years within population, intelligentsia, and academia. That is mainly due to a generalized discontent with the left-wing government and its policies.
This new movement distinguishes itself from what is known in Brazil as old right, which was ideologically associated to the Brazilian military government, União Democrática Nacional (National Democratic Union), and Integralism. It is identified by positive views regarding democracy, personal freedom, free-market capitalism, reduction of bureaucracy, privatization of state-run companies, tax cuts, parliamentary, political reform. It rejects "cultural Marxism", modern socialism and populism.
There have been two major phenomena relating to the rise of the new Brazilian right: the Free Brazil Movement, which has managed to bring together millions of people on demonstrations against the government in March 2015; and the creation of the New Party (Partido Novo) and Libertários, the first liberal party since the First Brazilian Republic.
Some Brazilian new-right thinkers are Kim Kataguiri and his movement Movimento Brasil Livre (Free Brazil Movement), Roberto Campos, Wilson Martins, Olavo de Carvalho, Luiz Felipe Pondé, Paulo Francis, José Guilherme Merquior, Bruno Tolentino, and Miguel Reale.
As a result of this movement, in the 2018 Brazilian election, Jair Messias Bolsonaro was elected President of Brazil with 55% of the votes; his Minister of Finance, Paulo Guedes, graduated from the University of Chicago, famous for its economically liberal school of economics.
Chile The term New Right (Spanish: Nueva derecha) has come into mainstream political discourse since the election of Sebastián Piñera in 2010, when interior minister Rodrigo Hinzpeter used it to describe his government. Hinzpeter's introduction of the term caused a buzz among newspapers, politicians and analysts. According to a column published in The Clinic, the New Right is different from the old dictatorial right of Augusto Pinochet, in the sense that it embraces democracy. It is also different from the religiously conservative Unión Demócrata Independiente party, in that it is more open to discussing issues like divorce. According to the same analysis, the New Right is becoming increasingly pragmatic, as shown by their decision to increase taxes following the 2010 Chilean earthquake.Marcelo Pollack, New Right in Chile (Springer, 1999).
France
In France, the New Right (or Nouvelle Droite) has been used as a term to describe a modern think-tank of French political philosophers and intellectuals led by Alain de Benoist. Another noted intellectual, who was once part of Alain de Benoist's GRECE, is Guillaume Faye. Although accused by some critics as being "far-right" in their beliefs, they themselves claim that their ideas transcend the traditional left–right divide and that the New Right actively encourages free debate. France also has one Identitarian New Right group (which is connected with Thule Seminar in Germany); that is Terre et Peuple of Pierre Vial, who was once an integral part and founding member of Alain de Benoist's GRECE.Simon Bornschier, "Why a right-wing populist party emerged in France but not in Germany: cleavages and actors in the formation of a new cultural divide." European Political Science Review 4.1 (2012): 121–145. online
Germany
In Germany, the Neue Rechte (literally, new right) consists of two parts: the Jungkonservative (literally, young conservatives), who search for followers in the civic part of the population; and, secondly, the "Nationalrevolutionäre" (national revolutionists), who are looking for followers in the ultra-right part of the German population and use the rhetoric of right-wing politicians such as Gregor and Otto Strasser. Another noted New Right group in Germany is Thule Seminar of Pierre Krebs.Michael Minkenberg, "The new right in Germany: The transformation of conservatism and the extreme right." European Journal of Political Research 22.1 (1992): 55–81.
Greece Failos Kranidiotis, a Greek politician who had been expelled by New Democracy chairman Kyriakos Mitsotakis for expressing views similar to those of political rival Golden Dawn, founded the New Right party, based on national liberalism, in May 2016.Vasiliki Georgiadou, and Lamprini Rori. "Economic crisis, social and political impact. The new right-wing extremism in Greece." Anuari del Conflicte Social (2013). online His views diverged from those of former Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Mitsotakis, whose legacy expressed the most important principle of its recently elected leadership, including Adonis Georgiadis, who had been a member only since leaving far-right Popular Orthodox Rally in 2012.
Iran In Iran, New Right and the term Modern Right () is associated with the Executives of Construction Party, which has split from the Islamic Right (); both Modern Right and Traditional Right (or "Principlists") are separated from Islamic Right, but Modern Right is part of the Reformists.
Israel New Right is a right-wing political party in Israel, founded in 2018 and led by Ayelet Shaked and Naftali Bennett. The party advocates the preservation of a strong right wing in Israel, and is open to both secular and religious people.
Japan
The Japanese New Right, or Minzoku-ha,Stefan Fuchs (5 December 2018). Japanese 'Right-wing Rock'? A Lyrics Content Analysis. "In response to the protest movement against the US-Japan Security Treaty, which was carried out predominantly by left-wing student associations, in the early 1960s Japan saw the arrival of an academic far-right movement that followers refer to as Minzoku-ha 民族派 (ethnic faction) but is usually known to the general public by the name Shin-uyoku 新右翼 (The New Right), a label coined by the Japanese mass media as an equivalent to the so-called Shin-sayoku 新左翼 (The New Left).". p. 81. is a Japanese ethno-nationalist faction that emerged after postwar Japan. The Japanese New Right is known to be more anti-American (反米保守, lit. "anti-American conservative") than mainstream conservatives or Japanese nationalists. It originated among the student agitations of the 1960s and 1970s, many of whom were followers of Yukio Mishima. In postwar Japan, mainstream conservatives prioritized "anti-communism" (反共主義) over Japanese "ethnic nationalism" (民族主義) in the context of the Cold War; however, minzoku-ha was critical of the pro-Americanism of mainstream conservatives. Minzoku-ha grew up influenced by Yukio Mishima's nationalism and the Japanese New Left.千坂恭二 (2015), "思想としてのファシズム" 彩流社日高義樹 (2014), "オバマの敗北、プーチンの勝利". Voice. p. 95
Netherlands The New Right (NR) was the name of a far-right/nationalist political party in the Netherlands from 2003 to 2007. The Party for Freedom (PVV), founded in 2005 and led by Geert Wilders, also is a New Right movement. Since March 2017, Forum for Democracy is another New Right party in the Dutch parliament.
New Zealand