The 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake took place on 2 April 2007, near the provincial capital of Gizo on Ghizo Island, in the Solomon Islands. Its magnitude was estimated at 8.1 on the scale, and 7.8 on the scale. The tsunami that followed the earthquake killed 52 people, injured 40 others and left 60 missing. According to the USGS, the earthquake was recorded around 7:39:56 a.m. local time (UTC+11). The focus was 10 km (6 mi) deep and 40 km (25 mi) south southeast of Gizo township on New Georgia Islands in Western Province. There were numerous aftershocks, the largest of which had a magnitude of 6.2.

Tectonic setting The Australia, Woodlark, and Solomon Sea plates converge to the east-northeast or northeast against the Pacific plate with velocities of 90–105 millimetres/year. Along much of the plate boundary between the Pacific plate and the Australia/Woodlark/Solomon Sea plates, relative plate-motion is accomplished principally by subduction of the Australia/Woodlark/Solomon Sea plates beneath the Pacific plate.

Earthquake

The earthquake's location and focal mechanism are consistent with the earthquake having occurred as underthrusting of the Australia/Woodlark/Solomon Sea plate beneath the Pacific plate, as part of the broader northeast-directed subduction process. The length of faulting was estimated to be about 260±50 km. The Solomon Islands arc as a whole experiences a very high level of earthquake activity, and many shocks of magnitude 7 and larger have been recorded since the early decades of the twentieth century. The 2 April earthquake, however, nucleated in a 250-kilometre-long segment of the arc that had produced no shocks of magnitude 7 or larger since the early 20th century.

Warnings A tsunami warning was issued for the South Pacific Ocean, and advisories issued for Japan and Hawaii. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology issued a warning for Australia's eastern coast, from Queensland's Barrier Reef to Tasmania, and beaches along the coast were closed, while many evacuated to higher ground. However, as the epicenter was close to the Solomon Islands, the tsunami hit before the Hawaiian Pacific Tsunami Warning Center released the warning.

As high-magnitude ocean waves propagate at high speeds close to 25 meters per second, they traversed the 55-kilometer distance from the epicenter to Gavo in less than 20 minutes. The S waves from the earthquake shook the ground and alerted the population, allowing many to flee to high ground before the wave struck.

From Honiara, one of the first warnings came from the People First Network's Simbo email station, situated close to the epicentre. PFnet's Technical Advisor David Leeming relates that 20 minutes after the earthquake, Nickson Sioni from Simbo came on the (HF) radio and announced the arrival of a huge wave that had washed away several houses and come inland about 200m. This information was passed on by telephone to the Hawaii-based Pacific Tsunami Warning Center who then upgraded their warning to an "expanding regional alert". This was achieved before the 35-minute arrival time of the wave for the capital Honiara, which in the event proved non-destructive.

Tsunami

At least fifty-two people were reported to have been killed, forty injured and sixty reported missing when a tsunami triggered by the earthquake struck the Solomon Islands, wiping out thirteen or more villages. Thousands were left homeless, and damage is estimated in the millions. The largest waves were reported on the northern tip of Simbo Island, where maximum tsunami run-ups were , completely washing away two villages, Tapurai and Riquru, and killing 10 people. However, the vast majority of Simbo villagers fled before the waves arrived despite not having a modern warning system. This has been attributed to deep ecological knowledge of the coastline and an uncanny ability to sense the impending danger. In contrast, villagers from Titiana on the southern coast of Ghizo Island entered the sea after the earthquake, resulting in many more casualties. In South Choiseul, waves high swept away villages, gardens and a hospital. About 900 homes were destroyed.

The tsunami reached Papua New Guinea, with a family of five reportedly missing from a remote island in Milne Bay Province, which was in the tsunami's path. Beaches and ferry services in Sydney were closed due to a tsunami alert.

Aid workers reported that an outbreak of diarrhoea emerged among the survivors.Disease breaking out after Solomon Islands quake, Reuters, 5 April 2007 However, the UN reported that the outbreak and other diseases were under control as of 12 April.Communicable diseases under control in Solomon Islands, ReliefWeb, 12 April 2007 On 18 April, a measles outbreak was reported and an immunisation program was underway.Measles immunization campaign begins in Solomon Islands, People's Daily Online, 18 April 2007

The island of Ranongga in the New Georgia Group was lifted three meters by the earthquake, causing its beaches to shift outwards of up to 70 meters. Large coral reefs in the area are now largely above the surface and local fishermen are worried that the fishing grounds have been destroyed. However, Australian scientists said the exposure of the reefs are a normal part of island building and that careful wildlife management can preserve the reefs that remain.Indonesian coral reef exposed by 2005 earthquake, Associated Press, 14 April 2007

Response

Australia committed to contribute an initial AUD$3 million in emergency aid, later increased to 5.7 million as of June 2007. New Zealand gave NZD$950,000 during the initial relief period, and committed NZD$7.5 million over two years to reconstruction, as of July 2007. The United States contributed US$250,000 in aid.United States Pledges Assistance After Solomon Islands Tsunami , United States Department of State, 4 April 2007 Taiwan contributed US$214,000 and shipment of 1,000 kg of rice.Solomon Islands: Taiwan boosts assistance to tsunami victims, ReliefWeb, 5 April 2007 France has also airlifted supplies via New Caledonia.Solomon Islands Tsunami Aid Effort Gathers Pace, Associated Press via ABC/KGO-TV, 6 April 2007

The United Nations established a field hospital in Gizo, with a total of eight planned for the entire country, and also established three camps for internally displaced persons.Solomon Islands: UN aid workers start recovery efforts after tsunami, United Nations, 4 April 2007 Australian and Canadian medical teams have also been deployed across the islands.Tsunami relief bolstered for disease crisis , The Australian, 9 April 2007 Papua New Guinea, itself affected by the tsunami, has contributed US$340,000 and a light plane that can better access smaller, more remote airstrips.PNG joins in sending aid to Solomons, Radio Australia, 11 April 2007 UNICEF issued an appeal for US$500,000 for both the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.UNICEF: Urgent appeal for funds for hard hit Solomon Islands , UNICEF, 4 April 2007 Separately, the Red Cross has issued an appeal for US$800,000.International Response to Solomon Islands Tsunami Victims Gathers Momentum , Voice of America News, 6 April 2007 The remoteness of some villages meant that aid did not reach them until several days after the tsunami occurred.Aid still days away for Solomons homeless, Reuters, 4 April 2007 However, the Associated Press reported on 6 April that Gizo's airport had reopened, easing the delivery of supplies.More aid supplies are starting to reach Solomon Islands tsunami victims , Associated Press via WSTM-TV, 6 April 2007 A Taiwanese fishing boat ran aground on coral reefs while delivering supplies, but it was successfully evacuated by a United States Navy helicopter.Shipwrecked aid workers rescued, Melbourne Herald Sun, 13 April 2007 The boat's crew managed to free the vessel from the rocks a few days later.Taiwanese tsunami aid ship in Solomon Islands freed from reef where it ran aground, Associated Press, 14 April 2007

Aftermath

Francis Billy Hilly, the MP for Simbo Island where 10 people died, said on 8 April that those who had previously resisted resettlement away from the island's active volcano were reconsidering their options., Australian Associated Press, 8 April 2007 The national government may also relocate islanders away from low-lying areas pending a review of long-term rehabilitation and disaster preparedness plans.Solomons PM seeks tsunami assistance , Australian Associated Press, 16 April 2007 The Australian government announced that a network of five tsunami warning buoys will be deployed along its Pacific coast, with two buoys stationed in the Papua New Guinea/Solomon Islands area.Tsunami beacon to protect coast , The Australian, 13 April 2007 In 2017 the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) carried out a program called "Strengthening School Preparedness for Tsunami" that focused on enhancing coastal community resilience, particularly after the 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami.

See also List of earthquakes in 2007 List of earthquakes in the Solomon Islands archipelago 2010 Solomon Islands earthquake 2013 Solomon Islands earthquake

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