Nikolay Afanasyev may refer to:
Nicholas Afanasiev Nikolay Afanasyev (athlete) (born 1972), Russian Olympic athlete Nikolay Mikhaylovich Afanasyev (1916–2009), Russian firearms designer Nikolay Afanasyev (composer) (1820–1898), Imperial Russian violinist and composer Nikolay Fyodorovich Afanasyev (1918–1944), Soviet aircraft pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolay Nikolayevich Afanasyev (1893–1966), Russian Orthodox theologian