The Lee algorithm is one possible solution for maze routing problems based on breadth-first search. It always gives an optimal solution, if one exists, but is slow and requires considerable memory.
Algorithm
Initialization Select start point, mark with 0 i := 0
Wave expansion REPEAT Mark all unlabeled neighbors of points marked with i with i+1 i := i+1 UNTIL ((target reached) or (no points can be marked))
Backtrace go to the target point REPEAT go to next node that has a lower mark than the current node add this node to path UNTIL (start point reached)
Clearance Block the path for future wirings Delete all marks
Of course the wave expansion marks only points in the routable area of the chip, not in the blocks or already wired parts, and to minimize segmentation you should keep in one direction as long as possible.
External links http://www.eecs.northwestern.edu/~haizhou/357/lec6.pdf
References
Remzi Osmanli