Somalis in Finland () are people who originate from Somalia and who live in Finland. People can be born in Somalia, have Somali ancestry and/or be citizens of Somalia. , there were 15,362 people born in Somalia living in Finland. Similarly, the number of people with Somali citizenship was 6,934. The number of people who spoke Somali as their mother tongue was 28,167. Somalis are the fourth most common foreign country of origin and the largest group from Africa in Finland.
Overview
The first Somali immigrants came to Finland in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1990, 44 Somali students studying in the Soviet Union immigrated to Finland. Between 1990 and 1995, the number of Somalia citizens in Finland increased from 44 to 4,044. The first arrivals were university students from Soviet universities in the former Soviet Union (see Zahra Abdulla). Later, more asylum seekers arrived directly from Somalia, many through a program of family unification.
In 2010, it was estimated by the Finnish immigration service (Migri) that a majority of all Somali refugees arriving in Finland were illiterate due to the Somali Civil War having destroyed the opportunities for those born after the 70s to attend the school system.
A 2012 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) survey of Somalia-born immigrants in Finland found that, prior to their arrival, around 50% of males and 50% of females had attended primary school (Peruskoulu), 39% of males and 17% of females had attended high school (Lukio), and 11% of males and 33% of females had not attended school (Ei lainkaan).; also cf. Sandvik 2016, p.29: En dryg tredjedel av de somaliska kvinnorna hade aldrig gått i skola och ca en tiondel av dem svarade att de läser hjälpligt eller är analfabeter. According to Statistics Finland, in 2012, 77.9% of Somalia-born immigrants in Finland had attained a lower secondary or unknown education level, 17.9% had attained an upper secondary education level, and 4.2% had attained a tertiary education level.
Like other immigrant groups in Finland, particularly Muslims, Somalis have been targets of hate crimes. According to a 2009 report by the Police College of Finland, 8% of total victims were Somali-born, while representing only 4% of suspected offenders. Most suspected perpetrators are young Finnish men, with similarly aged Somali, Iraqi and Turkish immigrants mainly targeted. According to social workers, the pressure of living between two disparate cultures has also resulted in instances of petty crime amongst disaffected 17- to 20-year-olds in the Somali community. The situation is compounded by the unfamiliarity of Somali parents with the various social services that are available to address similar circumstances. To tackle the issue, Somali community organizations have teamed up with Finnish police and social services officials, with the municipal authorities in Helsinki endeavouring to recruit more Somali social workers.
In 2015, five young Somalis were suspects in a case of gang rape in Tapanila near Helsinki. The incident hardened the attitudes towards Somalis in Finland. Of the five accused, three were sentenced and two were acquitted. Four of the accused were minors and two of those therefore received shorter sentences.
As with many other immigrant groups in Finland, Somalis have also faced some barriers to employment, due in part to the local economic recession. However, the situation has steadily improved over the years, as more Somali immigrants have found employment in their own community, although much of this work is unmeasured. While some Somalis with language training have found jobs in their own field, others, like immigrants in general, have obtained short-term work positions.
Demographics
Somalis are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Finland, and the largest group of people of non-European origin. They are the fifth-largest minority in the country, after Finland-Swedes, Estonians, Russians and Iraqis. In 2018, there were 6,448 Somali citizens, but an equal number may have received Finnish citizenship. According to the Finnish National newspaper, Helsingin Sanomat, the number of Somali-speaking people in Finland in 2010 rose by nearly 10% in a year. In 2021, there were 23,656 Somali speakers in Finland. 12,712 were born in Somalia.
Finnish Somalis are concentrated in the Southern parts of the country. 81% of Somalis live in Uusimaa (with 54% living in Helsinki alone), 8% in Southwest Finland, less than 3% in Pirkanmaa and 8% in the rest of Finland. 2% of Helsinkians are Somali, the highest proportion in Finland, and the second largest foreign country of origin after Russia. A slight majority of Finnish Somalis are male. 35% of Somalis are aged 0–14 (compared to 15% of the entire Finnish population). The total fertility rate of Somali women in Finland was 3.7 between 2017 and 2020, compared to 1.4 of Finnish women.
Population by municipalities
People born in Somalia and living in Finland, according to Statistics Finland. Country of birth Somalia by municipality (2024) Municipality Population Whole country 14,560 Helsinki 7,873 Vantaa 1,747 Espoo 1,642 Turku 1,096 Tampere 407 Oulu 329 Vaasa 239 Hämeenlinna 145 Kouvola 110 Rovaniemi 76 Järvenpää 64 Raisio 62 Kotka 58 Jakobstad 57 Jyväskylä 53 Kajaani 49 Lahti 49 Kemi 41 Kaarina 31 Pori 30 Joensuu 26 Kuopio 24 Porvoo 24 Vörå 22 Kerava 20 Lohja 20 Kirkkonummi 18 Lieksa 15 Uusikaupunki 14 Lappeenranta 13 Loimaa 13 Salo 13 Rauma 12 Seinäjoki 12 Valkeakoski 11 Kokkola 10 Lieto 10
People with Somali citizenship living in Finland according to Statistics Finland. Citizens of Somalia by municipality (2024) Municipality Population Whole country 6,816 Helsinki 3,424 Vantaa 717 Espoo 629 Turku 462 Tampere 259 Oulu 244 Vaasa 150 Hämeenlinna 145 Rovaniemi 76 Kouvola 66 Kotka 52 Kemi 47 Kajaani 46 Raisio 46 Jakobstad 43 Lahti 42 Järvenpää 36 Jyväskylä 29 Kuopio 27 Pori 23 Kaarina 20 Joensuu 16 Kerava 15 Loimaa 14 Porvoo 13 Seinäjoki 11 Lieto 10 Uusikaupunki 10 Valkeakoski 10
People with Somali as mother tongue living in Finland according to Statistics Finland. Somali speakers by municipality (2024) Municipality Population Whole country 26,891 Helsinki 14,910 Espoo 3,410 Vantaa 3,386 Turku 1,839 Tampere 666 Oulu 535 Vaasa 377 Hämeenlinna 209 Kouvola 164 Järvenpää 114 Rovaniemi 97 Raisio 95 Jakobstad 79 Kotka 70 Lahti 65 Kajaani 64 Jyväskylä 60 Kemi 59 Kaarina 50 Kuopio 48 Vörå 45 Joensuu 42 Lappeenranta 41 Lohja 38 Pori 34 Porvoo 29 Kerava 28 Kirkkonummi 26 Lieksa 19 Salo 19 Uusikaupunki 19 Kauniainen 18 Seinäjoki 18 Rauma 14 Kokkola 13 Kontiolahti 13 Loimaa 13 Hyvinkää 11 Mikkeli 11 Naantali 11 Valkeakoski 11 Ylöjärvi 10
Culture Religion is more important to Somali families than it is to Finnish families. 84% of Somalis consider themselves very religious, and only 1% are irreligious. Even though nearly all Somalis are Muslim, there are differences between families and individuals on how norms are perceived and obeyed. The clothing of Somali women in Finland varies from large hijabs and face covers to skinny jeans and crop tops. There are a few Christian converts and Somali atheists in Finland.https://www.seurakuntalainen.fi/uutiset/paakaupunkiseudulle-rukoillaan-kristittyjen-somalien-seurakuntaa/ Pääkaupunkiseudulle rukoillaan kristittyjen somalien seurakuntaahttps://suomenkuvalehti.fi/jutut/kotimaa/han/somalitaustainen-koomikko-luopui-islamista-nyt-fathi-ahmed-pelkaa-seurauksia/?shared=286803-93c04996-500 Somalitaustainen koomikko luopui islamista – nyt Fathi Ahmed pelkää seurauksia
Somalis watch at least nine different Somali channels in Finland. Popular celebrations among Somalis include Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Since 2017, it has been possible to study the Somali language and culture at the University of Helsinki.
Identity and society Among the studied foreign-language speakers, Somali-speakers had the highest proportion identifying as Finnish, at 43%. For comparison, only 10% of Estonian-speakers identified as Finnish. 89% considered themselves to be completely Somali, and nearly half of the Somali-speakers felt that they were both Somali and Finnish. However 90% of Somali-speakers faced discrimination in the working life. This is significantly higher than among Arabic-speakers (57%), Russian-speakers (51%), English-speakers (40%) and Estonian-speakers (around a quarter). Somali-speakers had the highest proficiency of Finnish among foreign-speakers (with 29% speaking Finnish natively, and only 15% had no Finnish-skills), however were the least likely to have a Finnish-speaking friend. 45% of them had no Finnish-speaking friends. Somalis were also the most likely to think that the Finnish media gives a negative perception of their group.
Politics
In the 2017 Finnish municipal elections Somalis were the most active voters among citizens of non-Finnish heritage. 39% of Somalis voted in the election, more than Swedes (36%), Russians (16%) and Estonians (10%). Suldaan Said Ahmed (Left Alliance) became Finland's first Somali-born Member of Parliament in 2021. Zahra Abdulla (Green League) was a member of the Helsinki City Council from 1997 to 2017. In 2003 she was named the Finnish Refugee Woman of the Year. The large Somali community in Finland has been cited as a positive in strengthening ties between Somalia and Finland. Finnish Somalis have been actively involved in trade and aid to Somalia.
Notable people
See also Zahra Abdulla Somali diaspora Immigration to Finland Racism in Finland
References
External links Ulkomaalaiset Suomessa