Cyrtodactylus (Greek κυρτος kurtos "curved", from κυπτω kuptō "to stoop"; δακτυλος daktulos "finger, toe") is a diverse genus of Asian geckos, commonly known as bent-toed geckos, bow-fingered geckos, and forest geckos. The genus has 407 described species , which makes it the largest of all gecko genera and the second-largest of all reptile genera, behind the genus Anolis, with 428 described species.
Description Instead of possessing dilated digits like other geckos, members of Cyrtodactylus have slender, curved toes to which the common names for the genus can be attributed.
Taxonomy The phylogenetic relationships with this genus and the genus Geckoella has not been resolved to date. Based on morphology, suggested that it was a subgenus of Cyrtodactylus but a phylogenetic study by , though with inadequate sampling of taxa, restored it to generic status once again. All species of Geckoella have been placed here pending a more definitive study.
Phylogeny The following phylogeny is from Pyron, et al. (2013), and includes 22 Cyrtodactylus species. Cyrtodactylus is a sister group of Hemidactylus.
Species The genus Cyrtodactylus contains 407 described species, with new species being described frequently.
SpeciesAuthorityCommon nameGeographic range C. aaronbaueri Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021 India C. aaroni Günther & Rösler, 2003 New Guinea C. adleri Das, 1997 Nicobar Islands, Andaman Sea, India C. adorus Shea, Couper, Wilmer & Amey, 2011 Queensland, Australia C. aequalis Bauer, 2003 Mon State, Myanmar C. agamensis (Bleeker, 1860) Agam bow-fingered gecko Sumatra, Indonesia C. agarwali Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021 India C. agusanensis Taylor, 1915 Mindanao bow-fingered gecko Mindanao, Philippines C. albofasciatus (Boulenger, 1885) Boulenger's Indian gecko Western Ghats, India C. amphipetraeus Chomdej, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Pradit, Nazarov, Grismer & Poyarkov, 2020 Tak bent-toed gecko Tak, Thailand C. angularis angulated bow-fingered gecko Eastern Thailand C. annandalei Bauer, 2003 Annandale's leaf-toed gecko Sagaing Division, MyanmarC. annapurnaensisBhattari, Gautam, Prasad, Neupane, Khandekar, Thackeray, Agarwal, Tillack, Olson, Hogan & Wright, 2025ACAP leaf-toed geckoNepal C. annulatus Taylor, 1915 Annulated bow-fingered gecko Mindanao, Philippines C. aravindi Narayanan, Das, Balan, Tom, Divakar, Kp, Hopeland & Deepak, 2022 India C. arcanus Oliver, Richards & Sistrom, 2012 Papua New Guinea C. arunachalensis Mirza, Bhosale, Ansari, Phansalkar, Sawant, Gowande & Patel, 2021 India (Arunachal Pradesh) C. astrum Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012 Starry bent-toed gecko Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia C. atremus Kraus & Weijola, 2019 Papua New Guinea C. aunglini Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Thura, Win, Grismer, Trueblood & Quah, 2018 Kyauk Nagar Cave bent-toed gecko Myanmar C. auralensis Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer, 2019 Phnom Aural bent-toed gecko Phnom Aural, Cambodia C. aurensis Grismer, 2005 Aur Island bent-toed gecko Aur Island, Malaysia C. auribalteatus Sumontha, Panitvong & Deein, 2010 Golden-belted bent-toed gecko Phitsanulok, Thailand C. australotitiwangsaensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012 Southern Titiwangsa bent-toed geckoPeninsular MalaysiaC. awalriyantoiAwal Riyanto's Bent-toed GeckoSumatra, Indonesia C. ayeyarwadyensis Bauer, 2003 Rakhine State, Myanmar C. badenensis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky, 2006Nguyen, N.S.; Orlov, N.L.; Darevsky, I.S. (2006). "Descriptions of two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Southern Vietnam." Russian Journal of Herpetology Southern Vietnam C. baluensis Mocquard, 1890Mocquard, F. (1890). "Diagnoses d'espèces nouvelles de reptiles et de batraciens des iles Bornèo et Palawan." Le Naturaliste, Paris 144-145. Balu bow-fingered gecko Mount Kinabalu, Borneo C. bansocensis Luu, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2016 Ban Soc bent-toed gecko Laos C. bapme Kamei & Mahony, 2021 Garo Hills bent-toed gecko India C. batik Iskandar, Rachmansah & Umilaela, 2011 Batik bent-toed gecko Indonesia C. battalensis Khan, 1993 Reticulate plump-bodied gecko Pakistan C. batucolus L.L. Grismer, Onn, J.L. Grismer, Wood & Belabut, 2008 Besar Island bent-toed gecko Pulau Besar of the Water Islands Archipelago off the west coast of Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia C. bayinnyiensis Grismer, Wood Jr., Thura, Quah, Murdoch, Grismer, Herr, Lin & Kyaw, 2018 Bayin Nyi Cave bent-toed gecko Myanmar C. bengkhuaiai Purkayastha, Lalremsanga, Bohra, Biakzuala, Decemson, Muansanga, Vabeiryureilai & Rathee, 2021 India C. bhupathyi Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018 Northeast India C. bichnganae Tri & Grismer, 2010 Bich Ngan's bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. bidoupimontis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, 2012 Vietnam C. bintangrendah Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012 Bintang lowland bent-toed gecko Peninsular Malaysia C. bintangtinggi Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012 Peninsular Malaysia C. biordinis Brown & Mccoy, 1980 Guadalcanal bow-fingered gecko Mount Austen, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands C. bobrovi Nguyen et al., 2015 Bobrov's bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. bokorensis Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer, 2019 Bokor Plateau, Cambodia C. boreoclivus Oliver, Krey, Mumpuni & Richards, 2011 Papua New Guinea C. brevidactylus Bauer, 2002 Myanmar C. brevipalmatus Kampuchea bow-fingered gecko, short-hand forest gecko Khao Luang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Peninsular Thailand C. buchardi David, Teynie & Ohler, 2004 Laos C. bugiamapensis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, 2012 Vietnam C. calamei Luu, Bonkowki, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler, 2016 Calame's bent-toed gecko central Laos C. camortensis Chandramouli, 2020 Kamorta, Nicobar Islands C. caovansungi Orlov & Quang Truong, 2007 Vietnam C. capreoloides Rösler, Richards & Günther, 2007 Papua New Guinea C. cardamomensis Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer, 2019 Cardamom Mountains bent-toed gecko Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia C. cattienensis Geissler, Nazarov, Orlov, Böhme, Phung, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2009 Cattien bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. cavernicolus Inger & King, 1962 Sarawak bow-fingered gecko, Niah Cave gecko Sarawak C. cayuensis Li, 2007 Cayu bent-toed gecko China (Cayu County, Xizang) C. celatus Kathriner et al., 2014 Indonesia C. chamba AgarwaL, Khandekar & Bauer, 2018 Chamba bent-toed gecko Himachal Pradesh, India C. chanhomeae Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2003 Thailand C. chaunghanakwaensis Grismer, Wood Jr., Thura, Quah, Murdoch, Grismer, Herr, Lin & Kyaw, 2018 Chaunghanakwa Hill bent-toed gecko Myanmar C. chauquangensis Quang, Orlov, et al. 2007 Vietnam C. chengodumalaensis Agarwal, Umesh, Das & Bauer, 2023 Chengodumala geckoella, coastal Kerala geckoella India C. chrysopylos Bauer, 2003 Panluang-Pyadakin Wildlife Sanctuary, Shan State, MyanmarC. chungiChung's bent-toed geckoBinh Thuan province, Vietnam C. collegalensis (Beddome, 1870) forest spotted gecko, Kollegal ground gecko India C. condorensis Pulo Condore bow-fingered gecko, Con Dao bow-fingered gecko Pulo Condore Island, Vietnam C. consobrinoides Annandale, 1905 southern Myanmar C. consobrinus W. Peters, 1871 Peters's bow-fingered gecko, thin-banded forest gecko Malaysian peninsula, Borneo C. cracens Batuwita & Bahir, 2005 Sri Lanka C. crustulus Oliver, Hartman, Turner, Wilde, Austin & Richards, 2020 Manus bent-toed gecko Papua New Guinea (Manus Island) C. cryptus Heidrich, Rösler, Thanh, Böhme & Ziegler, 2007 Vietnam C. cucdongensis Schneider & Phung TM, 2014 Cucdong bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. cucphuongensis Ngo & Onn, 2011 Vietnam C. culaochamensis Tri, Grismer, Thai & Wood, 2020 Cù Lao Chàm bent–toed gecko Vietnam C. dammathetensis Grismer, Wood, Thura, Zin, Quah, Murdoch, Grismer, Lin, Kyaw & Lwin, 2017 Dammathet cave bent-toed gecko Myanmar C. darevskii Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, 2014 Darevski's bent-toed gecko Laos C. darmandvillei (Weber, 1890) Darmandville bow-fingered gecko Flores, Komodo, Pulau Kalao, Sumbawa, Sikka, Lombok in Indonesia C. dati Tri, 2013 Dat bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. dattanensis (Khan, 1980) plump banded gecko, Khan's bow-fingered gecko Pakistan C. dattkyaikensis Grismer, Wood, Quah, Grismer, Thura, Oaks & Lin, 2020 Datt Kyaik Hill bent-toed gecko Myanmar C. dayangbuntingensis Quah, Grismer, Wood Jr. & Sah, 2019 peninsular Malaysia C. deccanensis (Günther, 1864) Günther's Indian gecko Northern Western Ghats of India C. derongo Brown & Parker, 1973 Derongo bow-fingered gecko Papua, New Guinea C. deveti (Brongersma, 1948) Moluccan bow-fingered gecko Moluccas, Indonesia C. dianxiensis Liu & Rao, 2021 Western Yunnan bent-toed gecko China C. doisuthep Kunya et al. 2014 Doi Suthep bent-toed gecko Thailand C. dumnuii Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2010Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2010. "Cyrtodactylus dumnuii (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand." Zootaxa, n. 2570 p. 41–50 Dumnui's bent-toed gecko Thailand C. durio Grismer, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Onn, Grismer & Ahmad, 2010 Durian bent-toed gecko Malaysia C. edwardtaylori Batuwita & Bahir, 2005 Sri Lanka C. eisenmanae Ngo, 2008 Eisenman's bent-toed gecko Vietnam C. elok Dring, 1979 Malaysia bow-fingered gecko southern Thailand, Western Malaysia C. epiroticus Kraus, 2008 Papua New Guinea C. equestris Oliver, Richards, Mumpuni & Rosler, 2016 Papua New Guinea C. erythrops Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2009Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, (2009). "Cyrtodactylus erythrops (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand." Zootaxa, n. 2124, p. 51-62. Red-eyed bent-toed gecko Thailand C. evanquahi Wood, Grismer, Muin, Anuar & Oaks, 2020 Evan Quah's banded bent-toed gecko peninsular Malaysia