This is a list of forts in New France built by the French government or French chartered companies in what later became Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States. They range from large European-type citadels like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.
Predominant French colonial trading companies operating in North America included, Company of One Hundred Associates, Company of Habitants and French West India Company. See also, French Canadian North West Company.
Canada The French forts in Canada were located from the Atlantic Ocean to as far west as the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, and as far north as James Bay. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival British fur trading companies like Hudson's Bay Company. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to Montreal or Quebec City. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.
Name Date constructed Location Province ImageFort Anne 1636 Annapolis Royal Fort Anticosti 1681 Anticosti Island Fort Bas de la Rivière 1750 Fort Alexander Fort Boishébert 1749 Grand Bay Fort Beauséjour 1751 Aulac Fort Bourbon (West) 1741 Grand Rapids Fort Bourbon (North) 1697 York Factory Camp d'ésperance 1756 Beaubears Island Fort Charlesbourg Royal 1541–1543 Quebec City Fort Chambly 1665 Chambly Citadelle of Quebec 1693 Quebec City Citadelle of Montreal 1690–1821 Montreal Fort Dauphin 1741 Winnipegosis Fort de l'Isle aux Noix 1759 Île aux Noix Fort de la Corne 1753 Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest Fort de la Montagne 1685 Montreal Fort Douville 1720 Toronto Fort Dumoine 1730 Rapides-des-Joachims Fort du Moulin 1749 Trois-Rivières Fort du Sault Saint-Louis 1725 Kahnawake Fort Esquimaux Baie 1743 North West River Fort Fronsec 1648 Miramichi Fort Frontenac 1673 Kingston Fort Gaspareaux 1751 Strait Shores Fort Jemseg 1659 Jemseg Fort Jacques-Cartier 1759 Cap-Santé Fort Kaministiquia 1717 Thunder Bay Fort Lachine 1669–1695 Montréal Fort Laprairie 1687 La Prairie Fort La Reine 1738 Portage la Prairie Fort La Jonquière 1751 Saskatchewan River Forks (near Prince Albert) Fort Longueuil 1690 Longueuil Fort La Tour 1631 Saint John Fortress of Louisbourg 1719 Louisbourg Fort Maurepas (Red River) 1733 Selkirk Fort Maurepas (Winnipeg River) 1739 Powerview-Pine Falls Fort Menagoueche 1751 Saint John Fort Nashwaak 1691–1692 Fredericton Fort Paskoya 1741 The Pas (on Cedar Lake) Fort Plaisance 1662 Placentia Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles 1670 Montréal Fort Pontchartrain 1704 Blanc-Sablon Port-Royal Habitation 1605 Annapolis Royal Habitation Of Quebec 1608 Quebec City Fort Richelieu 1641 Sorel-Tracy Fort Richibouctou 1682 Richibucto Fort Rouge 1738 Winnipeg Fort Rouillé 1750 Toronto Fort Royal (Newfoundland) 1687 Placentia Fort Sainte Anne (Hudson Bay) 1670 (1686) Fort Albany Fort Sainte Anne 1629–1641 Englishtown Fort Saint-François 1660 Trois-Rivières Fort Saint Jacques 1686–1693 and 1697–1713 Waskaganish Fort Saint-Jean c1748 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Fort Saint Louis (Newfoundland) 1690–1713 Placentia Fort Saint Louis (Guysborough) 1634–1683 Guysborough Fort St. Louis 1620–1834 Quebec City Fort St. Louis (Shelburne) 1623–1930 Cape Sable Island Fort Ste. Marie (Ontario) 1639 Midland Fort Ste. Marie (Nova Scotia) 1632 LaHave Fort St. Louis 1670s (1686) Moose Factory Fort St. Pierre (St. Peter's) 1630 St. Peter's Fort St. Pierre 1731 Fort Frances (near mouth of the Rainy River meets with Rainy Lake) Fort Sainte Thérèse 1665 Carignan Fort Senneville 1671 Montreal Fort Shédiac 1671 Shediac Fort Témiscamingue 1679 Ville-Marie Tadoussac Trading Post 1600 Tadoussac Fort Toronto 1750 Toronto Fort Tourette 1683 Lake Nipigon Fort Trois-Rivières 1634–1638 Trois-Rivières Fort Ville-Marie 1642–1688 Montreal Port-la-Joye 1720 Charlottetown
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Name Date constructed c. Location Communes of France ImagePointe aux Cannon Battery 1690 Saint Pierre Island Saint-Pierre
United States The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far west as Kansas, as far east as Maine.
Name Date constructed c. Location State ImageArkansas Post 1686 Arkansas County Fort des Alibamons 1717 Wetumpka Fort Assumption 1739 Memphis Fort de la Balise1722Plaquemines ParishFort Beauharnois 1727 Goodhue County Fort De La Boulaye (Fort Bayougoula,
Fort Iberville,
Fort Louisiana)1700Phoenix, Plaquemines ParishFort de Buade 1683 St. Ignace Fort Carillon 1754–57 Ticonderoga Fort Caroline 1564 Jacksonville Fort de Cavagnal 1744 Missouri River between Kansas City and Fort Leavenworth Fort Charles 1562 Beaufort Fort de Chartres 1720 Randolph County Fort Condé de la Mobille 1723 Mobile Fort Conti 1679 Youngstown Fort Crèvecoeur 1680 Creve Coeur Fort Denonville 1687 Youngstown Fort Ponchartrain du Détroit 1701 Detroit Fort Détour à l'Anglais1722Belle ChaseFort Duquesne 1750 Morrison County Fort Duquesne 1754 Pittsburgh Fort Dubreuil (Côte des Allemands)1740DestrehanFort St. Jean1708New Orleans Fort Kaskaskia 1759 Kaskaskia Fort de La Présentation 1671 Ogdensburg Fort Le Boeuf 1753 Waterford Fort Lévis 1759 Ogdensburg Fort Louis de la Louisiane 1702 Le Moyne Fort Machault 1754 Franklin Fort Massac 1757 Massac County Fort Maurepas 1699 Ocean Springs Fort Miami (Indiana) 1715 Fort Wayne Fort Miami (Michigan) 1679 St. Joseph Fort Michilimackinac 1715 Mackinaw City Fort des Natchitoches 1714 Natchitoches Fort Niagara 1678 Youngstown Fort Orleans 1723 Brunswick Fort Ouiatenon 1717 West Lafayette Fort Pentagouet 1638 Castine Fort St. Philip1761Buras-TriumphFort Pimiteoui 1691 Peoria Fort Pointe-à-la-Chevelure 1731 Chimney Point Fort Presque Isle 1753 Erie Fort Prudhomme 1682 Memphis Fort Rosalie 1716 Natchez Fort Ste. Anne 1666 Isle La Motte Fort St. Charles 1732 Lake of the Woods County Habitation Of St. Croix 1604 Saint Croix Island Fort St. Frédéric 1729–1757 Crown Point Fort St. Joseph 1691 Niles Fort St. Leon1749Belle ChaseFort Saint Louis 1685 Inez Fort St. Louis-Le Rocher 1682 North Utica Fort St. Marie1746English TurnFort St. Saveur 1613 Mount Desert Island Fort Sandoské 1745 Sandusky Bay Fort de Tombecbé 1735–37 Epes Fort Toulouse 1717 Wetumpka Fort Vincennes 1731–32 Vincennes
See also
Military of New France List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts List of North American cities by year of foundation Canada related Canadian Forces base Former colonies and territories in Canada List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations List of Royal Canadian Navy stations United States related List of United States Army installations List of United States Army airfields List of United States military bases List of United States Navy installations List of United States Marine Corps installations List of United States Air Force installations
References