List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 198

This is a list of cases reported in volume 198 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1905.

Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 198 U.S.

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).

When the cases in volume 198 were decided the Court comprised the following nine members:

Portrait Justice Office Home State Succeeded Date confirmed by the Senate(Vote) Tenure on Supreme Court Melville Fuller Chief Justice Illinois Morrison Waite (41–20) –July 4, 1910(Died) John Marshall Harlan Associate Justice Kentucky David Davis (Acclamation) –October 14, 1911(Died) David Josiah Brewer Associate Justice Kansas Stanley Matthews (53–11) –March 28, 1910(Died) Henry Billings Brown Associate Justice Michigan Samuel Freeman Miller (Acclamation) –May 28, 1906(Retired) Edward Douglass White Associate Justice Louisiana Samuel Blatchford (Acclamation) –December 18, 1910(Continued as chief justice) Rufus W. Peckham Associate Justice New York Howell Edmunds Jackson (Acclamation) –October 24, 1909(Died) Joseph McKenna Associate Justice California Stephen Johnson Field (Acclamation) –January 5, 1925(Retired) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Associate Justice Massachusetts Horace Gray (Acclamation) –January 12, 1932(Retired) William R. Day Associate Justice Ohio George Shiras Jr. (Acclamation) –November 13, 1922(Retired)

Notable Cases in 198 U.S. Lochner v. New York Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905), is a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court ruled that a New York state law setting maximum working hours for bakers violated the bakers' right to freedom of contract under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The underlying case began in 1899 when Joseph Lochner, a German immigrant who owned a bakery in Utica, New York, was charged with violating New York's Bakeshop Act of 1895. The Bakeshop Act had made it a crime for New York bakeries to employ bakers for more than 10 hours per day or 60 hours per week. He was convicted and ultimately appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. A majority of the Supreme Court held that the law violated the due process clause, stating that the law constituted an "unreasonable, unnecessary and arbitrary interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract". Four dissenting justices rejected that view, and the dissent of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., in particular, became one of the most famous opinions in US legal history. Holmes wrote:

"[A] constitution is not intended to embody a particular economic theory, whether of paternalism and the organic relation of the citizen to the State or of laissez faire. It is made for people of fundamentally differing views, and the accident of our finding certain opinions natural and familiar or novel and even shocking ought not to conclude our judgment upon the question whether statutes embodying them conflict with the Constitution of the United States. General propositions do not decide concrete cases". (198 U.S. 75-76)

United States v. Ju Toy In United States v. Ju Toy, 198 U.S. 253 (1905), the Supreme Court held that a citizen of the United States could be barred entry into the country based solely on an administrative decision, without routine recourse to the courts even on the factual question of citizenship. The Court determined that refusing entry at a port does not deny due process, and held that findings by immigration officials are conclusive and not subject to judicial review unless there is evidence of bias or negligence. This case marked a shift in the Court in respect to habeas corpus petitions and altered the judicial landscape for citizens applying for admission into the United States as well as for those facing deportation. The Court came to a different conclusion in 1922, that habeas corpus petitioners are entitled to a de novo judicial hearing to determine whether they are U.S. citizens (Ng Fung Ho v. White).

Citation style

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.

The Judiciary Act of 1891 created the United States Courts of Appeals and reassigned the jurisdiction of most routine appeals from the district and circuit courts to these appellate courts. The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by writ of certiorari.

Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions. "# Cir." = United States Court of Appeals e.g., "3d Cir." = United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . . e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . . e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time. e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine

List of cases in volume 198 U.S.

Case Name Page & year Opinion of the Court Concurring opinion(s) Dissenting opinion(s) Lower Court Disposition Benson v. Henkel1 (1905) Brown Day none C.C.S.D.N.Y. affirmed Pabst B. Co. v. Crenshaw17 (1905) White none Brown C.C.W.D. Mo. affirmed Lochner v. New York45 (1905) Peckham none Harlan; Holmes Oneida Cnty. Ct. reversed Beavers v. Haubert77 (1905) McKenna none none E.D.N.Y. affirmed Humphrey v. Tatman 91 (1905) Holmes none none Mass. Super. Ct. reversed Remington v. Central P.R.R. Co.95 (1905) Holmes none none C.C.N.D.N.Y. affirmed City of Covington v. First Nat'l Bank100 (1905) Day none none C.C.E.D. Ky. affirmed Bonin v. Gulf Co.115 (1905) Fuller none none 5th Cir. dismissed Howe S. Co. v. Wyckoff, S. & B.118 (1905) Fuller none none 2d Cir. reversed - style="background: white" colspan=7 Parties have the right to use their names in trade as an individual, a firm, and a corporation, except as cover for unfair competition. Steigleder v. McQuesten141 (1905) Harlan none none C.C.D. Wash. affirmed Jaster v. Currie144 (1905) Holmes none none Neb. reversed Allen v. Arguimbau149 (1905) Fuller none none Fla. dismissed Rodriguez v. United States156 (1905) Harlan none none D.P.R. affirmed Dunbar v. Green166 (1905) Brown none none Kan. reversed In re Glaser 171 (1905) Fuller none none C.C.E.D.N.Y. mandamus denied Schlosser v. Hemphill173 (1905) Fuller none none Iowa dismissed Wells Co. v. Gastonia C. Mfg. Co.177 (1905) Harlan none none 4th Cir. reversed Riverdale C.M. v. Alabama G. Mfg. Co.188 (1905) Brewer none none 5th Cir. affirmed Holden v. Stratton202 (1905) White none none 9th Cir. reversed Harris v. Balk215 (1905) Peckham none none N.C. reversed Harley v. United States229 (1905) McKenna none none Ct. Cl. affirmed Chicago Bd. Trade v. Christie G. & S. Co.236 (1905) Holmes none none 8th Cir. multiple United States v. Ju Toy253 (1905) Holmes none Brewer 9th Cir. certification First Nat'l Bank v. Chicago T. & T. Co.280 (1905) Fuller none none 7th Cir. reversed Empire State et al. Co. v. Hanley292 (1905) Fuller none none 9th Cir. dismissed Old Dominion S.S. Co. v. Virginia299 (1905) Brewer none none Va. affirmed Thompson v. Darden310 (1905) White none none Va. affirmed Harding v. Harding317 (1905) White none none Cal. reversed Delaware et al. R.R. Co. v. Pennsylvania341 (1905) Peckham none none Pa. reversed Clark v. Nash361 (1905) Peckham none none Utah affirmed United States v. Winans371 (1905) McKenna none none C.C.D. Wash. reversed Chicago et al. Ry. Co. v. United States385 (1905) McKenna none none Ct. Cl. affirmed Birrell v. New York & H.R.R. Co.390 (1905) McKenna none none N.Y. Sup. Ct. reversed Savannah et al. Ry. v. City of Savannah392 (1905) Holmes none none Ga. affirmed Cimiotti U. Co. v. American F.R. Co.399 (1905) Day none none 3d Cir. affirmed Leonard v. Vicksburg et al. R.R. Co.416 (1905) Fuller none none La. dismissed Chicago Bd. Trade v. Hammond E. Co.424 (1905) Brown none none C.C.N.D. Ill. reversed Lavagnino v. Uhlig443 (1905) White none none Utah affirmed Cunnius v. Reading Sch. Dist.458 (1905) White none none Pa. affirmed Kendall v. American A.L. Co.477 (1905) Peckham none none C.C.S.D.N.Y. affirmed Louisville & N.R.R. Co. v. West C.N.S. Co.483 (1905) Peckham none none 5th Cir. reversed Ah Sin v. Wittman500 (1905) McKenna none none Cal. Super. Ct. affirmed Knights of Pythias v. Meyer508 (1905) McKenna none none N.Y. Sup. Ct. affirmed Texas & P. Ry. Co. v. Dashiell521 (1905) McKenna none none 5th Cir. affirmed Union T. Co. v. Wilson530 (1905) Holmes none none 7th Cir. certification Whitney v. Wenman539 (1905) Day none none S.D.N.Y. reversed Van Reed v. People's Nat'l Bank554 (1905) Day none none N.Y. affirmed Great et al. Co. v. Harris561 (1905) Day none none 2d Cir. affirmed

Notes and references

List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 198

Bron en licentie