This article lists monarchs of Montenegro, from the establishment of Duklja to the Kingdom of Montenegro which merged into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918.
Medieval Duklja (Dioclea)
Non-hereditary archons Petar or Petrislav (late 10th c.) Jovan Vladimir (1000 – May 22, 1016)
House of Vojislavljević Vojislav I (1018 – c. 1043) Neda (1043 – 1046) Mihailo I (c. 1046 – 1081) Konstantin (1081–1101) Mihailo II (1101–1102) Dobroslav II (1102) Kočopar (1102–1103) Vladimir (1103–1114) Đorđe I (1114–1118) Grubeša (1118–1125) Đorđe I (1125–1131) Gradihna (1131–1148) Radoslav (1146–1148/62) Mihailo III (1162–1186) (1186–1189, disputed)
Zeta, crown land
House of Nemanjić Vukan (1189–1208) Đorđe (1208–1216) Radoslav (1216–1243) Beloslava (1243–1267) Uroš (1267–1276) Jelena (1276–1309) Stefan (1309–1314) Konstantin (1314–1322) Dušan (1322–1331)
Non-hereditary governors Đuraš Ilijić (1331–1362)
Principality of Zeta/Montenegro
House of Balšić Balša I (1356–1362) Đurađ I (1362–1378) Balša II (1378–1385) Đurađ II (1385–1403) Balša III (1403–1421)
House of Crnojević Đurađ III (1421–1435) Gojčin (1435-1451) Stefan I (1451–1465) Ivan I (1465–1490) Đurađ IV (1490–1496) Stefan II (1496–1499, nominal ruler) Ivan II (1499–1515, nominal ruler) Đurađ V (1515–1516, nominal ruler)
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
Non-hereditary Metropolitans Vavila (1516–1520) German II (1520–1530) Pavle (1530–1532) Vasilije I (1532–1540) Nikodim (1540) Romi (1540–1559) Makarije (1560–1561) Ruvim II (1561–1569) Pahomije II (1569–1579) Gerasim (1575–1582) Venijamin (1582–1591) Nikanor and Stefan (1591–1593) Ruvim III (1593–1636) Mardarije I (1639–1649) Visarion I (1649–1659) Mardarije II (1659–1673) Ruvim IV (1673–1685) Vasilije II (1685) Visarion II (1685–1692) Sava I (1694–1697)
Hereditary Metropolitans Picture TitleName Reign House Notes Prince-BishopThe official theocratic title was; "Prince-Bishop (or Vladika) and the Lord of Montenegro" (Владика и господар Црне Горе).Danilo I July 19, 1697 – January 11, 1735 Petrović-Njegoš Founder of the House of Petrović-Njegoš. Prince-BishopSava II January 11, 1735 – March 7, 1781 Petrović-Njegoš Ruled jointly with Vasilije III from 1750 until 1766. Prince-BishopVasilije III August 11, 1750 – March 10, 1766 Petrović-Njegoš Ruled jointly with Sava II. "Tsar", Lord October 17, 1767 – September 22, 1773 None Impostor who was purported to be the dead Emperor of Russia Peter III in exile. Proclaimed leader by the people of Montenegro and ruled the country as an absolute monarch, sidelining Prince-Bishop Sava II. Prince-BishopArsenije II March 7, 1781 – May 15, 1784 None Succeed Sava II Petrović-Njegoš as the Metropolitan of Cetinje and as the Prince-Bishop. Non-hereditary. Prince-BishopPetar I October 13, 1784 – October 30, 1830 Petrović-Njegoš Canonized as Saint Peter of Cetinje by the Serbian Orthodox Church. Prince-BishopPetar II October 30, 1830 – October 31, 1851 Petrović-Njegoš Most famous as a poet. His notable works include The Mountain Wreath, The Ray of the Microcosm, The Serbian Mirror and False Tsar Stephen the Little. Prince-BishopDanilo II October 31, 1851 – March 13, 1852 Petrović-Njegoš Proclaimed Prince of Montenegro.
Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910) House of Petrović-Njegoš Picture TitleName Reign Territory Notes Prince, LordThe official royal title was; "Knjaz (or Prince) and the Lord (Gospodar) of Montenegro" (Књаз и господар Црне Горе).Danilo I March 13, 1852 – August 13, 1860 Principality of Montenegro First secular ruler of Montenegro after centuries of theocratic rule. Assassinated in Kotor. Nikola I August 13, 1860 – August 28, 1910 Principality of Montenegro Proclaimed King of Montenegro.
Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918) House of Petrović-Njegoš Picture TitleName Reign Territory Notes KingNikola I August 28, 1910 – November 26, 1918 Kingdom of Montenegro In exile from January 15, 1916, due to the Montenegrin campaign of World War I. Deposed on the Podgorica Assembly on November 26, 1918.
Pretenders to the Montenegrin throne since 1918 House of Petrović-Njegoš Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (26 November 1918 – 1 March 1921) Danilo Petrović-Njegoš (1 March 1921 – 7 March 1921) Mihajlo Petrović-Njegoš (7 March 1921 – 24 March 1986) Nikola Petrović-Njegoš (24 March 1986 – present)
Family tree
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See also List of heads of state of Montenegro, for a comprehensive list of Montenegrin heads of state since 1696.