List of Muslim states and dynasties

The following article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.

The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate.

After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.

By land area +NoDynasty/StateLand areaToday part ofPeriod1 Abbasid Caliphate11.1m² km 750–1258 1261–15172 Umayyad Caliphate11.1m² km 661–7503Rashidun Caliphate6.4m² km632–66146.0m² km1313–1502 (Islamic)55.2m² km1299–19226 Timurid Empire4.4m² km1370–150774.1m² km909–11718 Mughal Empire4.0m² km1526–18579Seljuk Empire3.9m² km1037–119410 Ilkhanate3.75m² km1295–1335 (Islamic)11 Khwarazmian Empire3.6m² km 1077–123112 Chagatai Khanate3.5m² km1347–1660 (Islamic)13Ghaznavid Empire3.4m² km977–118614 Delhi Sultanate3.2m²km1206–152615 Safavid Empire2.9m² Km1501–173616Samanid Dynasty2.85m² km819–99917Saffarid Dynasty2.85m² km861–1003

West Asia and North Africa

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria) Umayyad Caliphate (661–750; based in Damascus) Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258; based in Baghdad) Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1341; based in Damascus and Aleppo) Zengid Dynasty (1127–1250; based in Aleppo) Annazids (991–1258; Kurdistan) Burid Dynasty (1104–1154) Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004; based in Aleppo) Uqaylid Dynasty (990–1096; Syria, Iraq) Bani Assad (990–1081; Iraq) Numayrid (990–1081; Syria, Turkey) Marwanid (983–1085; Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Iraq) Mirdasid dynasty (1024–1080; Syria) Artuqids (1101–1409; Syria, Turkey, Iraq) Baban (1649–1851; Iraq) Soran Emirate (1816–1835; Iraq) Emirate of Hakkari (1380s–1845; Turkey, Syria) Bahdinan (1339–1843; Iraq) Bohtan (1330–1855) Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847) Hadhabani (906–1070) Mukriyan (1050–1500) Qarghuyah, Emirate of Aleppo (969–977) Nizari Ismaili State (1090–1256; Iraq, Iran, Syria) Emirate of Aleppo (1004–1016) Assaf dynasty (1306–1591; Lebanon) Harfush dynasty (1517–1865; Lebanon, Syria) Principality of Basra (1597-1668; Iraq) Emirate of Muntafiq (1530-1914; Southern Iraq) Kingdom of Khaza'il (1534-1921; Iraq, Iran, Kuwait) Mamluk Principality of Iraq (1704–1831) Emirate of Mosul (905–1096, 1127–1222, 1254–1383, 1758–1918) Emirate of Transjordan (1921–1946; Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq) Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958) Kingdom of Jordan (1921–present)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

Saudi Arabia Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) Banu Ukhaidhir (865–1066) Emirate of Mecca (1916–1924) Saudi State Emirate of Riyadh (1903–1918) Saudi State Manfuha Sheikhdom (1682–1834) Abu Arish Sheikhdom (1200–1863) Al Bir Sheikhdom (1600–1850) Al Rawdah Sheikhdom (1697–1790) Al-Kharj Emirate (1688–1865) Unaizah Emirate (1768–1904) Buraidah Emirate (1768–1913) Awdah Sheikhdom (1700–1790) Jalajil Sheikhdom (1762–1831) Harmah Sheikhdom (1700–1779) Al Majma'ah Sheikhdom (1758–1908) Shaqra Sheikhdom (1803–1834) Mutayr Sheikhdom (1872–1903) 'Asir Sheikhdom (983–1003, 1728–1863) Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1802–1923) Sheikhdom of Lower 'Asir (1830–1930) Principality of Najran (1633–1934) 'Uyayna Sheikhdom (1446–1768) Dhurma Sheikhdom (1600–1757) Gatgat Sultanate (1900–1924) Al Murrah Emirate (1900–1917) Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1818; First Saudi State) Emirate of Nejd (1818–1891; Second Saudi State) Third Saudi state (1902–present) Sharifate of Mecca (968–1925) Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921) Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909–1930) Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925) Bani Khalid (1669–1796) House of Saud (1744–present)

Bahrain Qarmatians (899–1077) Uyunid Kingdom (1076–1253) Usfurid (1253–1320) Jarwanid (1305–1487) Jabrids (1480–1570) Bani Khalid (1669–1796) House of Khalifa (1783–present)

Qatar House of Thani (1825–present)

Kuwait House of Al-Sabah (1752–present)

United Arab Emirates Emirate of Abu Dhabi (1761–present) Emirate of Ajman (1816–present) Emirate of Dubai (1833–present) Emirate of Fujairah (1876–present) Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (1727–present) Emirate of Sharjah (1803–present) Emirate of Umm Al Quwain (1775–present) Dibba (1871–1953) Hamriyya (1875–1922) Hira (1915–1942) Kalba (1871–1952)

Oman Sultanate of Zafar (1421–1975) Imamate of Oman (750–1696) Omani Empire (1696–1856) Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970) Sultanate of Oman (1970–present)

Yemen Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970) Zurayids (1083–1174) Hamdanids (1099–1174) Sulaymanids (1063–1174) Mahdids (1159–1174) Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138) Rassids of Yemen (897–1962) Rasulid of Yemen (1229–1454) Najahid dynasty (1022–1158) Ziyadid dynasty (819–856) Tahirid dynasty (1454–1517) Bani Ukhaidhir (865–1066) Yufirids (847–997) Yemeni Zaidi State (1547–1849) Alawi Sheikhdom (1743–1967) Aqrabi Sheikhdom (1770–1967) Audhali Sultanate (1750–1970) Lower Aulaqi Sultanate (1700–1967) Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (1750–1967) Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (1700–1967) Beihan Emirate (1680–1967) Sheikhdom of al-Hawra (1858–1967) Emirate of Dhala (1750–1967) Dathina Sheikhdom (1947–1967) Fadhli Sultanate (1670–1967) Sultanate of Haushabi (1730–1967) Lahej Sultanate (1728–1967) Maflahi Sheikhdom (1850–1967) Sheikhdom of Shaib (1850–1967) Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1681–1967) Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1967) Sheikhdom Al-Dhubi (1750–1967) Hadrami Sheikhdom (1820–1967) Emirate of Mawsata (1780–1967) Sheikhdom of al-Irqa (1800–1967) Mahra Sultanate (1432–1967) Kathiri Sultanate (1395–1967) Sultanate of Tarim (1916–1945) Qu'aiti Sultanate (1858–1967) Ash Shihr (1752–1858) Al Mukalla (1707–1881)

Regional Tulunids (868–905; Egypt, Syria) Rassids (897–1962) Qarmatian Kingdom (899–976) Sharifate of Mecca (968–1925) Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1260) Rasulids (1229–1454) Mamluk Dynasty (1250–1517) Omani Sultanate (1696–1856) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia) Rustamid dynasty (777–909) Idrisid dynasty(788-974) Aghlabid dynasty (800–909; Ifriqiya, Tunisia, East-Algeria, West-Libya, Sicily) Fatimid Calipate (909–1171; North Africa, Middle East) Zirid dynasty (972–1148) Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147; Maghreb, Spain) Almohad dynasty (1121–1269) Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254) Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574) Nasrid dynasty (1232–1492; Granada, Ceuta) Marinid dynasty (1244–1465) Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517; North Africa, Middle East) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554) Saadi dynasty (1511–1628) Alaouite dynasty (1631–present)

Algeria Emirate of Tlemcen (736–790) Emirate of Cordoba (756–929) Rustamid dynasty (777–909) Banu Ifran (830–1040) Fatimid dynasty (909–1171) Zirid dynasty (972–1148) Confederation of Banu Mzab (1012–1882) Hammadid dynasty (1014–1152) Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556) Hafsid Emirate of Be’jaîa (1285–1510) Zab Emirate (1402) Sultanate of Tuggurt (1414–1854) Kingdom of Ait Abbas (1510–1872) Kingdom of Kuku (1515–1638) Kingdom of Algiers (1515–1837) Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847) Zenata Kingdoms

Egypt Tulunids (868–905) Fatimid dynasty (909–1171) Ikhshidids (935–969) Banu Kanz (1004–1412) Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254) Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517) Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914) Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922) Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953)

Tunisia Aghlabid dynasty (800–909) Khurasanid dynasty (1059–1158) Hafsid Kingdom (1229–1574) Hafsid Kingdom of Béjaïa Beylik of Tunis (1573–1613) Muradid dynasty (1613–1705) Husaynid dynasty (1705–1956) Kingdom of Tunisia (1956–1957)

Morocco Emirate of Nekor (710–1019) Emirate of Sijilmasa (758–1055) Muhallabids (771–793, Ifriqiya) Idrisid dynasty (788–974) Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147) Almohad dynasty (1121–1269 CE) Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465, Maghreb) Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554) Saadi Sultanate (1549–1659) Pashalik of Timbuktu (1591–1833; Western Sahara, Maghreb, Mali) Naqsid principality of Tetouan (1597–1673) Republic of Bou Regreg (1627–1668) Alaouite dynasty (1666–present) Republic of the Rif (1921–1926) Zenata Kingdoms

Libya Sultanate of Fezzan (918–1190) Banu Khattab (918–1177) Banu Khazrun (1001–1146) Banu Sulaym Emirate (11th Century) Emirate of Banu Talis (1228–1551) Banu Makki (1282–1392) Sultanate of Tripolitania (1327–1401) under Bani Ammar Pasha of Tripoli (1551–1711) Kingdom of Fezzan (1556–1856) under Awlad Muhammad dynasty Karamanli dynasty (1711–1835) Senussi Kingdom (1843–1942) Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922) Cyrenaica Emirate (1949–1951) Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

Horn of Africa Somalia Warsangali Sultanate (1613–1920) Tunni Sultanate (900–1300) Mogadishu Sultanate (900–1600) Ajuran Sultanate (1300–1798) Hiraab Imamate (1600–1889) Majeerteen Sultanate (1600–1927) Geledi Sultanate (1695–1911) Hobyo Sultanate (1870–1927) Sultanate of Showa (896–1286) Sultanate of Ifat (1275–1403) Adal Sultanate (1415–1577) Isaaq Sultanate (1749–1884) Habr Yunis Sultanate (1769–1917) Zeila Emirate (1415–1420) Harla Kingdom (501–1500) Sultanate of Dawaro (915–1329) Sharifate of Ramayyid (1700–1889) Islamic Emirate of Somalia (2008–present)

Ethiopia Harla Kingdom (501–1500) Sultanate of Showa (896–1285) Sultanate of Dawaro (915–1329) Sultanate of Bale (1200–1324) Sultanate of Arababni (1200–1314) Hadiya Sultanate (1200–1495) Sultanate of Ifat (1285–1415) Fatagar (1400–1650) Adal Sultanate (1415–1577) Sultanate of Harar (1526–1577) Imamate of Aussa (1557–1672) Emirate of Harar (1647–1887) Sultanate of Aussa (1734–present) Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884) Habr Yunis Sultanate (1769–1907) Wollo Kingdom (1760–1896) Kingdom of Gimma (1770–1902) Kingdom of Gumma (1770–1902) Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932) Gobaad Sultanate (1800–present) Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1890) Kingdom of Gera (1835–1887)

Eritrea Sultanate of Dahlak (1050–1557) Beja Kingdom (930–1500)

Djibouti Tadjoura Sultanate (1450–present) Rahayta Sultanate (1600–present)

Iranian Plateau Iran

Paduspanid (665–1598) Dulafid dynasty (800–898, Jibal) Justanids (805–1004) Samanid Empire (819–999) Tahirid dynasty (821–873) Qarinvand dynasty (823–1110) Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) Shirvanshah (861–1538) Alavid dynasty (864–928) Sajid dynasty (889–929) Ma'danids (890–1110, Makran) Aishanids (912–961) Sallarid dynasty (919–1062) Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043) Banu Ilyas (932–968) Buyid dynasty (934–1062) Rawadid dynasty (955–1071, Tabriz) Hasanwayhid (959–1015) Annazids (990–1180; Iran, Iraq) Ma'munid dynasty (995–1017) Kakuyid (1008–1141) Great Seljuq Empire (1029–1194) Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225) Kerman Seljuk Sultanate (1041–1187) Hormuz Kingdom (1060–1622) Khwarezmian Empire under Khwarezm-Shâh dynasty (1077–1231) Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1256) Ahmadilis (1122–1220) Eldiguzids (1135–1225) Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319) Salghurids (1148–1282, Shiraz) Hazaraspids (1155–1424) Khorshidi dynasty (1155–1597, Lorestan) Qutlugh-Khanids (1222–1306) Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537, Baluchistan) Kart dynasty (1244–1381) Ilkhanate (Mongol) (1295–1357) Muzaffarids (1314–1393) Sarbadars (1332–1386) Chupanids (1335–1357) Injuids (1335–1357) Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432) Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504) Marashis (1359–1596) Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468) Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501) Musha'sha'iyyah (1436–1729) Talysh Khanate (1747–1832) Maku Khanate (1747–1922) Ardabil Khanate (1747–1808) Khalkhal Khanate (1747–1809) Khoy Khanate (1747–1813) Maragheh Khanate (1610–1925) Marand Khanate (1747–1828) Sarab Khanate (1747–1797) Tabriz Khanate (1747–1802) Urmia Khanate (1747–1865) Emirate of Muhammara (1740–1925) Safavid dynasty (1502–1736) Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)