Millennia: 1st BCE1st–2nd3rd

Centuries: 4th BCE2nd BCE1st BCESee alsoFurther readingExternal links

4th century BCE Year Date Event 400 BCE The prehistoric clay pottery Buni culture (near present-day Bekasi) flourished in coastal northern West Java.

2nd century BCE Year Date Event 200 BCE "Dvipantara" or "Yawadvipa", a mystic Hindu kingdom is mentioned in India's earliest epic, the Ramayana; Sugriva, the chief of Rama's army dispatched his men to Yawadvipa in search of Sita then later used by the Indianized islander of Java Island and kingdom of Portugal to name the island during the age of discovery.

1st century BCE Year Date Event 65 BCE A footprint of a kingdom in Java island according to Chinese records.W.P Groeneveldt (1880). Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca Compiled from Chinese Sources. Batavia.

Centuries: 4th5th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th

4th century CE Year Date Event 350 The Kutai Martadipura phase in East Kalimantan produced the earliest known stone inscriptions in Indonesia.

5th century CE Year Date Event 450 Several stone inscriptions were created in West Java. Among others, the Tugu inscription announce decrees of Purnavarman, the king of Tarumanagara, one of the earliest Indianized kingdom in Java.Taylor (2003), p. 19.

7th century Year Date Event 664 A Tang dynasty Chinese source written by I-tsing, mentioned about Holing (Kalingga) kingdom, located somewhere on the northern coast of Central Java. 671 I-tsing visited Srivijaya and Malayu in Sumatra and Kedah in Malay peninsula on his way to Nalanda, India.Junjiro Takakusu, (1896), A record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago AD 671–695, by I-tsing, Oxford, London. 683 Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa performed Siddhayatra as the journey to expand his influence. The event is mentioned in several inscriptions such as Telaga Batu inscription, Talang Tuwo inscription, and Kedukan Bukit Inscription. The beginning of Srivijaya hegemony over the maritime region around Malacca Strait and Sunda Strait.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.38 686 Srivijaya launch naval invasion against Java, mentioned in Kota Kapur Inscription. Probably contributed to the end of Tarumanagara kingdom.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.39 687 I-tsing returned to Srivijaya on his way back from India to China. In his record he reported that the kingdom of Malayu was captured by Srivijaya. 700 The Sumatra-based Srivijaya naval kingdom flourishes.Taylor (2003), pp. 22–26; Ricklefs (1991), p. 3. Wet-field rice cultivation, small towns and kingdoms flourish. Trade links are established with China and India.Taylor (2003), pp. 8–9, 15–18 Sojomerto inscription possibly dated around late 7th century discovered in Batang Regency, Central Java, mentioned about Dapunta Selendra, possibly the ancestor of Shailendra dynasty. The inscription was written in old Malay suggested Srivijayan link to this family.

8th century Year Date Event 718 Sri Indravarman King of Srivijaya send a letter to the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, signing early ancient Indonesian official contact with Islamic world in the Middle East. 732 The Sanjaya dynasty is founded around this time according to the Canggal inscription.Miksic (1997) 752 The Hindu Mataram kingdom flourishes.Miksic (2003) 760 The construction of Borobudur started.Taylor (2003), p. 37. 770s to 780s Java launched series of naval raids on ports of Dai Viet, Champa and Cambodia; Sontay in Tonkin (767); Nha Trang (774); captured Indrapura in Cambodia (770); Phan Rang (787). The naval raids was probably launched by Shailendran-Srivijayan Maharaja Dharmasetu or Dharanindra. 778 Kalasan temple constructed according to Kalasan inscription. 792 The Manjusrigrha (Sewu) temple is completed according to Manjusrigrha inscription. 800 The agriculturally based Buddhist Shailendra dynasty rules Sumatra and Java.

9th century Year Date Event 825 Borobudur is completed during the reign of Samaratungga.Dumarçay (1991). 856 Prambanan is completed. According to Shivagrha inscription Rakai Pikatan — the husband of Pramodhawardhani — defeated Balaputra. 860 Balaputra the Maharaja of Suvarnadvipa and the ruler of Srivijaya, constructs the buddhist temple and monastery in Nalanda India, on the land given by King Devapaladeva of Pala in Benggala, according to the Nalanda inscription.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.46

10th century Year Date Event 907 Sumbing volcano erupted, according to Rukam inscription. King Balitung created Mantyasih inscription containing the list of Mataram kings, moved the capital from Mamratipura to Poh Pitu, and expanded Prambanan temple. 914 The Warmadewa dynasty rules Bali.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.52 928 During the reign of King Wawa, the capital of Mataram in Mamratipura was devastated, probably by the massive eruption of Mount Merapi. 929 Mpu Sindok moved the seat of power of the Mataram kingdom from Mamratipura in Central Java to Tamwlang in East Java and established Isyana Dynasty. The shift was probably as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi and/or invasion from Srivijaya. 937 Mpu Sindok moved the capital again from Tamwlang to Watugaluh, both near bank of Brantas River in modern Jombang in East Java. c. 980s Dynastic marriage between princess Mahendradatta of Javanese Isyanas and king Udayana of Balinese Warmadewas. 990 King Dharmawangsa of Mataram kingdom launches a naval invasion on Palembang in an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Srivijaya. Airlangga, son of King Udayana and Queen Mahendradatta was born in Bali. 996 Dharmawangsa commissioned the translation of the Mahabharata into Old Javanese.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.51

11th century Year Date Event 1006 Srivijaya successfully repelling the Dharmawangsa's invasion, the invasion ultimately unsuccessful. 1016 King Dharmawangsa's Mataram kingdom falls under invasion of King Wurawari from Lwaram (highly possible Srivijayan ally in Java). 1019 Airlangga establishes the Kingdom of Kahuripan.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.56 1025 Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Cholamandala in South India, conquered Pannai and Kadaram from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time. The Cholas continued a series of raids and conquests of parts Srivijayan empire in Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, page 41 1030 Sanghyang Tapak inscription in the Cicatih River bank in Cibadak, Sukabumi, West Java, mentioned about the establishment of sacred forest and Kingdom of Sunda. 1041 Airlangga divided Kahuripan into two kingdoms Janggala and Kadiri and abdicated in favour of his successors.Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.57

12th century Year Date Event 1104 King Jayawarsa of Kadiri ascends to the throne. 1115 King Kamesvara of Kadiri ascends to the throne. Janggala ceases to exist and united under Kadiri domination, highly possible under royal marriage. During his reign Mpu Dharmaja writes Kakawin Smaradahana, a eulogy for the king and become the inspiration of Panji cycle, the tales that spreads across Southeast Asia. 1130 King Jayabaya of Kadiri ascends to the throne.

13th century Year Date Event 1222 Battle of Genter, Ken Arok defeated Kertajaya, the last king of Kediri, thus established Singhasari kingdom Ken Arok ended the reign of Isyana Dynasty and started his own Rajasa dynasty. 1257 Baab Mashur Malamo established The Kingdom of Ternate in Maluku. 1275 King Kertanegara of Singhasari launched Pamalayu expedition against Melayu Kingdom in Sumatra. 1284 King Kertanegara launched Pabali expedition to Bali, which integrated Bali into the Singhasari territory. 1289 Kertanegara insult the envoy of Kublai Khan that demand Java to pay the tribute to Yuan Dynasty.. 1292 Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, rebelled and killed Kertanegara, ended the Singhasari kingdom. Marco Polo, on his voyage from China to Persia visited Sumatra and reported that on the northern part of Sumatra there were six trading ports including Ferlec, Samudera and Lambri.History of Aceh 1293 22 January–early August Mongol invasion of Java, Kublai Khan of Yuan dynasty China, sent punitive attack against Kertanegara of Singhasari. The Mongol forces were repelled. 10 November The coronation of Nararya Sangramawijaya as the monarch of Majapahit kingdom, marked the foundation of Hindu Majapahit kingdom in eastern Java. 1300 Footprint of Islam state is present in northern tip of Sumatra.

14th century Year Date Event 1309 King Jayanegara succeeds Kertarajasa Jayawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.Ricklefs (1991), page 18 1318 an Italian Franciscan friar, Mattiussi visited Sumatra, Java, and Banjarmasin in Borneo. In his record he described Majapahit kingdom. 1328 Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi succeeds Jayanegara as ruler of Majapahit. 1334 Hayam Wuruk, son of Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi was born. Mount Kelud in East Java erupted. Gajah Mada declared his Palapa oath.Pararaton 1347 Adityawarman moved the capital of Dharmasraya and established the kingdom of Malayupura in Pagarruyung, West Sumatra.Kern, J.H.C., (1907), De wij-inscriptie op het Amoghapāça-beeld van Padang Candi(Batang Hari-districten); 1269 Çaka, Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde. 1350 Hayam Wuruk, styled Sri Rajasanagara succeeds Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi as ruler of Majapahit; his reign is considered the empire's 'Golden Age'. Under its military commander Gajah Mada, Majapahit stretches over much of modern-day Indonesia.1355Kingdom of Negara Dipa was established in South Kalimantan by Empu Jatmika. 1357 In the Battle of Bubat, the Sundanese royal family were massacred by the Majapahit army under the order of Gajah Mada. This event led to the death of Sundanese King Lingga Buana and the princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi that committed suicide. 1365 The Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama is written. 1377 Majapahit sends a punitive expedition against rebelling Palembang in Sumatra. Palembang's prince, Parameswara, flees to Singapura, eventually became king of Singapura for several years. 1389 Wikramawardhana succeeds Sri Rajasanagara as ruler of Majapahit. 1398 Majapahit launched an invasion to Singapura. Parameswara (later Iskandar Syah) flees, eventually finding his way to Malacca and establishing it as a major international port.

15th century