Events Pre-1600 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; Marcus Claudius Tacitus is elected. 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate. 867 – Basil I is crowned Byzantine emperor in the Hagia Sophia after he murdered the previous emperor Michael III in the night before. 1066 – In the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harald Hardrada, the invading King of Norway, is defeated by King Harold II of England. 1237 – England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border. 1396 – Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis. 1513 – Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean. 1555 – The Peace of Augsburg is signed by Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.
1601–1900 1643 – The House of Commons of England accepts the Solemn League and Covenant, which promises religious reforms in England and Ireland in exchange for support of Scottish troops against king Charles I in the First English Civil War. 1690 – Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time. 1768 – Unification of Nepal 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal in the Battle of Longue-Pointe during the invasion of Quebec. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec sets off to join the American invasion. 1786 – The mine of Huancavelica in the Peruvian Andes collapses, killing more than two hundred people. The event was a major setback for mercury production in the Spanish Empire. 1789 – The United States Congress passes twelve constitutional amendments: the ten known as the Bill of Rights, the (unratified) Congressional Apportionment Amendment, and the Congressional Compensation Amendment. 1790 – Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing in honor of the Qianlong Emperor's eightieth birthday. 1804 – The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a toll for allowing the expedition to move further upriver. 1868 – The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Nevsky is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.Jernkysten, Stories, Alexander Nevskij Lemvig Museum, Denmark 1890 – The United States Congress establishes Sequoia National Park.
1901–present 1906 – Leonardo Torres Quevedo demonstrates the Telekino in the Bilbao Abra (Spain), guiding an electric boat from the shore with people on board, which was controlled at a distance over , in what is considered to be the origin of modern wireless remote-control operation principles.Randy Alfred, "Nov. 7, 1905: Remote Control Wows Public", Wired, 7 November 2011. 1911 – An explosion of badly degraded propellant charges on board the French battleship Liberté detonates the forward ammunition magazines and destroys the ship. 1912 – Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York City. 1915 – World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins. 1918 – World War I: The end of the Battle of Megiddo, the climax of the British Army's Sinai and Palestine campaign under General Edmund Allenby. 1926 – The international Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan. 1944 – World War II: Surviving elements of the British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem via Oosterbeek. 1955 – The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded. 1956 – TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated. 1957 – Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, is integrated by the use of United States Army troops. 1959 – S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon, is mortally shot by a Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day. 1962 – The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas is elected President of the provisional government. 1962 – The North Yemen Civil War begins when Abdullah al-Sallal dethrones the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declares Yemen a republic under his presidency. 1963 – Lord Denning releases the UK government's official report on the Profumo affair. 1964 – The Mozambican War of Independence against Portugal begins. 1969 – The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed. 1974 – Dr. Frank Jobe performs first ulnar collateral ligament replacement surgery (better known as Tommy John surgery) on baseball player Tommy John. 1977 – About 4,200 people take part in the first running of the Chicago Marathon. 1978 – PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 and crashes in San Diego, killing all 135 aboard Flight 182, both occupants of the Cessna, as well as seven people on the ground. 1981 – Belize joins the United Nations. 1983 – Thirty-eight IRA prisoners, armed with six handguns, hijack a prison meals lorry and smash their way out of the Maze Prison. 1985 – Three civilians killed by alleged supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Larnaca yacht killings. 1987 – Fijian Governor-General Penaia Ganilau is overthrown in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant colonel Sitiveni Rabuka. 1992 – NASA launches the Mars Observer. Eleven months later, the probe would fail while preparing for orbital insertion. 1997 – NASA launches Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-86 to the Mir space station. 1998 – PauknAir Flight 4101, a British Aerospace 146, crashes near Melilla Airport in Melilla, Spain, killing 38 people. 2003 – The 8.3 Hokkaidō earthquake strikes just offshore Hokkaidō, Japan. 2018 – Bill Cosby is sentenced to three to ten years in prison for aggravated sexual assault.
Births
Pre-1600 1358 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shōgun (died 1408) 1403 – Louis III of Anjou (died 1434) 1525 – Steven Borough, English explorer and navigator (died 1584) 1528 – Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (died 1603) 1529 – Günther XLI, Count of Schwarzburg-Arnstadt (died 1583) 1599 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss-Italian architect, designed the San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Sant'Agnese in Agone (died 1667)
1601–1900 1636 – Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (died 1698) 1644 – Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer and instrument maker (died 1710) 1663 – Johann Nikolaus Hanff, German organist and composer (died 1711) 1683 – Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer and theorist (died 1764) 1694 – Henry Pelham, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1754) 1711 – Qianlong Emperor of China (died 1799) 1738 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Delaware (died 1789) 1741 – Wenzel Pichl, Czech violinist, composer, and director (died 1805) 1744 – Frederick William II of Prussia (died 1797) 1758 – Josepha Barbara Auernhammer, Austrian pianist and composer (died 1820) 1761 – William Mullins, 2nd Baron Ventry, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (died 1827) 1764 – Fletcher Christian, English sailor (died 1793) 1766 – Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, French general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of France (died 1822) 1771 – Nikolay Raevsky, Russian general and politician (died 1829) 1773 – Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist and author (died 1856) 1782 – Charles Maturin, Irish author and playwright (died 1824) 1798 – Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont, French geologist and engineer (died 1874) 1807 – Alfred Vail, American inventor and early telegraph pioneer (died 1859) 1816 – Georg August Rudolph, German lawyer and politician, 3rd Mayor of Marburg (died 1893) 1825 – William Pitt Ballinger, American lawyer and politician (died 1888) 1825 – Joachim Heer, Swiss lawyer and politician, President of the National Council (died 1879) 1839 – Karl Alfred von Zittel, German palaeontologist and geologist (died 1904) 1862 – Léon Boëllmann, French organist and composer (died 1897) 1862 – Billy Hughes, English-Australian carpenter and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Australia (died 1952) 1865 – Henri Lebasque, French artist (died 1937) 1866 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American biologist, geneticist, and embryologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1945) 1867 – Yevgeny Miller, Russian general (died 1938) 1877 – Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexican general and President (died 1945) 1879 – Lope K. Santos, Filipino lawyer and politician, 4th Governor of Rizal (died 1963) 1881 – Lu Xun, Chinese author and critic (died 1936) 1884 – Adolf Bolm, Russian ballet dancer and choreographer (died 1951) 1888 – Hanna Ralph, German actress (died 1978) 1889 – Charles Kenneth Scott Moncrieff, Scottish author and translator (died 1930) 1893 – Harald Cramér, Swedish mathematician and statistician (died 1985) 1896 – Sandro Pertini, Italian journalist and politician, 7th President of Italy (died 1990) 1897 – William Faulkner, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962) 1898 – Robert Brackman, Ukrainian-American painter and educator (died 1980) 1899 – Udumalai Narayana Kavi, Indian poet and songwriter (died 1981) 1900 – Artur Sirk, Estonian soldier, lawyer, and politician (died 1937)
1901–present 1901 – Robert Bresson, French director and screenwriter (died 1999) 1901 – Gordon Coventry, Australian footballer (died 1968) 1903 – Mark Rothko, Latvian-American painter and educator (died 1970) 1905 – Nahman Avigad, Israeli archaeologist (Discovering Jerusalem) (died 1992) 1906 – Volfgangs Dārziņš, Latvian composer, pianist, and music critic (died 1962) 1906 – Phyllis Pearsall, English painter, cartographer, and author (died 1996) 1906 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian pianist and composer (died 1975) 1908 – Jacqueline Audry, French director and screenwriter (died 1977) 1910 – Ralph Jordan, American football player and coach (died 1980) 1911 – Eric Williams, Trinidadian historian and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (died 1981) 1914 – John Manners, English naval officer and cricketer (died 2020) 1916 – Jessica Anderson, Australian author and playwright (died 2010) 1916 – Deendayal Upadhyaya, Indian economist, sociologist, and journalist (died 1968) 1917 – Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2007) 1920 – Sergei Bondarchuk, Ukrainian-Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) 1920 – Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (died 2002) 1921 – Rob Muldoon, New Zealand sergeant, accountant, and politician, 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1992) 1922 – Hammer DeRoburt, Nauruian educator and politician, 1st President of Nauru (died 1992) 1923 – Robert Laxalt, American author and academic (died 2001) 1923 – Sam Rivers, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (died 2011) 1924 – Norman Ayrton, English actor and director (died 2017) 1924 – Red Webb, American baseball player (died 1996) 1925 – Silvana Pampanini, Italian model, actress, and director, Miss Italy 1946 (died 2016) 1926 – Jack Hyles, American pastor and author (died 2001) 1926 – Aldo Ray, American actor (died 1991) 1927 – Carl Braun, American basketball player and coach (died 2010) 1927 – Colin Davis, English conductor and educator (died 2013) 1929 – Ronnie Barker, English actor and screenwriter (died 2005) 1929 – Delia Scala, Italian ballerina and actress (died 2004) 1929 – Barbara Walters, American journalist, producer, and author (died 2022) 1930 – Nino Cerruti, Italian fashion designer, founded Cerruti (died 2022) 1930 – Francine du Plessix Gray, French-American journalist and author (died 2019) 1930 – Shel Silverstein, American author, poet, illustrator, and songwriter (died 1999) 1931 – Manouchehr Atashi, Iranian journalist and poet (died 2005)