Comparison of server-side web frameworks

This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications. This article focuses on frameworks used for building the backend.

General Basic information about each framework.

Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.

ASP.NET

Project Current stable version Release date License ASP.NET Dynamic Data Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC) 7.51 2018-06-01 Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture (CSLA) 4.11.2 2019-07-31 MonoRail 2.1 2011-03-17

C++

Project Current stable version Release date License Drogon 1.9.5 2024-06-08 Poco Wt 4.10.4 2024-03-06 GPL, Proprietary

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Project Current stable version Release date License ColdBox Platform

Elixir

Project Current stable version Release date LicensePhoenix ;

Haskell

Project Current stable version Release date License Snap 1.1.3.2 2023-07-19 Yesod

Java

Project Current stable version Release date License Apache Click 2.3.0 2011-03-27 Apache OFBiz ; Apache Shale 1.0.4 2007-12-19 Apache Sling 12 2022-03-18 Apache Struts ; Apache Tapestry ; Apache Wicket ; AppFuse 3.5.0 2015-02-20 Eclipse Mojarra (Jakarta Faces RI) ; Eclipse RAP 4.1 2024-12-04 Grails ; Google Web Toolkit 2.12.2 2025-03-03 JBoss Seam 3.1.0 final 2012-01-13 JWt ; GPL, Proprietary Netty ; OpenLaszlo 4.9.0 2010-10-21 Oracle ADF 12.2.1.4 2019-10-09 Oracle Technology Network Developer License Play ; Spring ; Stripes 1.6.0 2015-07-23 Vaadin ; Wavemaker 11.6.0 2024-03-03 WebObjects 5.4.3 2008-09-15

JavaScript

Project Current stable version Release date LicenseAnalog ; Express.js ; Fastify ; Meteor ; NestJS ; Next.js ; Nuxt ; Remix ; Sails.js ; SvelteKit ;

Perl

Project Current stable version Release date License Catalyst Dancer Mojolicious

PHP

Project Start date Current stable version Release date License CakePHP 2005-08 CodeIgniter 2006-02-28 Fat-Free 2009-09 FuelPHP 2011-08 Gyroscope 2008-11-20 20.4 2023-11-24 Jamroom 2003-07-28 Laminas (formerly ) 2006-03 3.8.0 2024-11-21 Laravel 2011-07-31 Li3 (Lithium) 2009-10 Phalcon 2012-11-14 5.10.0 2025-12-25 Pop PHP 2012-03-19 7.0.0 2026-08-17 PRADO 2004-01 SilverStripe 2007-02-03 Smart.Framework 2015-02-01 Symfony 2005-10 Yii 2008-12-03

Python

Project Current stable version Release date License BlueBream ; CherryPy ; CubicWeb ; Django ; FastAPI ; Flask ; Google App Engine ; LGPL, Proprietary Grok ; Gunicorn ; Pylons ; Pyramid ; Tornado ; TurboGears ; web2py ; Zope 2 ;

Ruby

Project Current stable version Release date License Padrino 0.14.4 2019-01-14 Ruby on Rails ; Sinatra ;

Scala

Project Current stable version Release date LicenseLift 3.4.3 2020-11-28 Play 2.8.8 2021-04-08 Scalatra 2.8.1 2021-09-25

Others

Project Language Current stable version Release date License AIDA/Web Smalltalk 6.7 2014-09-14 Oracle APEX PL/SQL 22.2 2022-11-10 Flex ActionScript, MXML 4.16.1 2019-11-23 Grails Groovy (JVM) 6.2.2 2024-11-20 Morfik C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java 3.0.8.1 2010-12-13 Opa Opa 1.1.1 2013-04-16 OpenACS Tcl 5.10.1 2024-09-03 Rocket Rust 0.5.1 2024-05-23 Tokio Rust 1.48.0 2025-10-14 Seaside Smalltalk 3.5.9 2024-10-20

Comparison of features

C++ ProjectAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) Wt

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

ProjectAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) ColdBox Platform Push-pull via TestBox

Java

ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) Apache Click Java Page oriented Pull Apache OFBiz Java, Groovy, XML, Apache Sling Java Uses JCR content repository Apache Struts Java Apache Tapestry Java Pull Apache Wicket Java (Modular event-driven) Pull Grails Groovy Push JavaServer Faces Java Pull ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) JBoss Seam Java Pull JWt Java Play Java, Scala Spring Java Push Stripes Java Pull Vaadin Java Wavemaker JavaScript (client), Java (server) Push ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) WebObjects Java Google Web Toolkit Java, JavaScript JUnit (too early), jsUnit (too difficult), Selenium (best) via Java ZK Java, ZUML

JavaScript

ProjectAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) Analog Express.js Fastify Meteor NestJS Next.js Nuxt Remix Sails.js SvelteKit

Perl ProjectAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) Catalyst Push in its most common usage Dancer Push Mojolicious Push

PHP

ProjectPHP versionAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s)ScaffoldingRADMobility CakePHP ≥ 8.2 CodeIgniter ≥ 8.1 , Unit tests for v.4 and up Fat-Free Framework ≥ 5.4 FuelPHP ≥ 5.3.3 , Plugins available , Plugins available Gyroscope ≥ 5.4 Laminas (formerly ) ≥ 7.3 Laravel ≥ 8.0 Li3 (Lithium) ≥ 8.0 Phalcon ≥ 8.0 Pop PHP ≥ 8.4 PRADO ≥ 7.3 SilverStripe (Sapphire) ≥ 7.1 Smart.Framework ≥ 7.4 Symfony ≥ 8.1 TYPO3 ≥ 7.2 Yii ≥ 5.4

Python ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s)Python 3.* CherryPy Python Django Python Push FastAPI Python Flask Python Pylons Python Push Pyramid Python Push Tornado Python TurboGears Python Push web2py Python Push BlueBream (Zope 3) Python Pull Zope 2 Python Pull

Ruby ProjectAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) Ruby on Rails Push Sinatra Push

Others

ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s) AIDA/Web Smalltalk Application Express PL/SQL Flex ActionScript, MXML Lift Scala Pull Opa Opa OpenACS Tcl Seaside Smalltalk , intentionally ProjectLanguageAjaxMVC frameworkMVC push-pulli18n & L10n?ORMTesting framework(s)DB migration framework(s)Security framework(s)Template framework(s)Caching framework(s)Form validation framework(s)

See also

Lists of frameworks for frontend development: Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks CSS framework

Other: Common Gateway Interface, used before web frameworks Comparison of shopping cart software Content management system Dynamic web page Java view technologies and frameworks List of content management systems List of rich web application frameworks List of web service frameworks

References