Banjarese language

Banjarese ( ; , , Jawi script: , , ) or simply Banjar, is an Austronesian language of the Malayic branch predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions—in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the lingua franca for various indigenous communities, especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.

Banjarese also has a significant population in other provinces of Indonesia, especially in Sumatra (Riau and North Sumatra), and some regencies of Riau have a Banjarese-majority population, such as Indragiri Hilir Regency.

Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by a small Banjarese diaspora abroad, notably in the Malaysian states of Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor, with significant minorities in Sabah, Brunei Darussalam and Singapore; however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their degree of fluency is questionable.

Dialects There are at least two divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language: Banjar Hulu Banjar Kuala According to Cense,A.A.Cee - E.M. Uhienbeck, Critical Survey of Studies on the Language of Borneo, 'S-Gravenhage-Martinus Nijhoff. 1958, hal. 9. the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions. Berangas language, a Barito language that is almost extinct in South Kalimantan, also has a close relationship with Banjar Kuala dialect, where it absorbs much of the Banjarese language vocabulary, but lexically it is closer to other Barito languages, especially Bakumpai language.

Phonology Consonants The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but occur at the onset of a syllable: BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottalNasalPlosive/Affricatevoiceless()voicedFricativeLateralRhoticApproximant

is an allophone of at the end of a word. The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: . Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. . Other medial sequences include and .

Vowels Sudarmo finds five monophthongs: FrontCentralBackCloseMid()Open is an allophone of .

Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese: FrontCentralBackCloseOpen

Regionally, has an allophone and has an allophone . The diphthongs are . Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. is realized as . However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.

Alphabet The standard alphabet is as follows: AlphabetabcdéghijklmnnyngoprstuwyPhonetic value

Sample text Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Banjarese:Sabarataan urang ngitu diranakakan bibas lagi sama rata di dalam harga diri wan hak-haknya. Sabarataan dibarii akal wan hati nurani, maka handaknya bekelakuan gasan sesama jua di dalam jiwa kasaraban.Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Banjarese language

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