is the Japanese study and adaptation of traditional Chinese medicine. In 1967, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan approved four kampō medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampō medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Currently, 148 kampō medicines are approved for reimbursement.
The 14th edition of the lists 165 herbal ingredients that are approved to be used in kampō remedies.
is the leading maker making 128 of the 148 kampo medicines. The "count" column shows in how many of these 128 formulae the herb is found. The most common herb is Glycyrrhizae radix (Chinese licorice root). It is in 94 of the 128 Tsumura formulae. Other common herbs are ginger (51 of 128 formulae) and the root of Paeonia lactiflora (Chinese peony, 44 of 128 formulae).
Latin nameCommon namein EnglishJapaneseChineseGenus speciesCount(see above)KanjiKatakanaPinyinTSAchyranthes bidentata achyranthis root牛膝ゴシツniú xī牛膝牛膝Achyranthes fauriei3Aconitum carmichaeliiCarmichael's monkshood rhizome附子ブシfù zǐ附子附子6Akebia quinatachocolate vine stem木通モクツウmù tōng木通木通5Alisma orientalewater plantain rhizome沢瀉タクシャzé xiè澤瀉泽泻14Alpinia officinarumlesser galangal rhizome良姜リョウキョウliáng jiāng良薑良姜1Amomum xanthioidesblack cardamom seed縮砂(密)シュクシャ（み）sùshāmì, suōshāmì縮砂(密)縮砂(密)1Anemarrhena asphodeloidesAnemarrhena rhizome知母チモzhī mǔ知母知母6Angelica dahuricaangelica root白芷ビャクシbái zhǐ白芷白芷Angelica dahurica5Angelica acutilobaChinese angelica root当帰トウキdāng guī當歸当归37Aralia cordataJapanese spikenard root和羌活ワキョウカツtǔ dāng guī土當歸土当归Aralia cordata1Arctium lappagreater burdock fruit牛蒡子ゴボウシniú bàng zǐ牛蒡子牛蒡子Arctium lappa2Areca catechuareca nut檳榔子ビンロウジbīng láng/bīn láng檳榔槟榔Areca catechu1Arisaema heterophyllumArisaema rhizome天南星テンナンショウtiān nán xīng天南星天南星1Artemisia capillariswormwood flower, mugwort flower茵蔯蒿インチンコウyīn chén hāo茵陳蒿茵陈蒿2Artemisia princepswormwood leaf, mugwort leaf艾葉ガイヨウài yè艾葉艾叶1Asarum sieboldiiSiebold's wild ginger root細辛サイシンxì xīn細辛细辛5–collagen阿膠アキョウē jiāo阿膠阿胶5Asparagus cochinchinensisasparagus root天門冬テンモンドウtiān mén dōng天門冬天门冬2Astragalus mongholicusastragalus root黄耆オウギhuáng qí黃蓍黄芪14Atractylodes lanceablack A. rhizome蒼朮ソウジュツcāng zhú蒼朮苍术34Atractylodes macrocephalawhite atractylodes rhizome白朮ビャクジュツbái zhú白朮白术8Citrus aurantiumunripe bitter orange枳実キジツzhǐ shí枳實枳实14Citrus unshiuaged mikan orange peel陳皮チンピchén pí陳皮陈皮24Bambusa tuldoidespuntingpole bamboo shavings竹筎チクジョzhú rú竹茹竹茹2Benincasa ceriferaWinter melon seed冬瓜子トウガシdōng guā zǐ冬瓜子冬瓜子1–cattle gallstone牛黄ゴオウniú huáng牛黃牛黄Bos taurus0Bupleurum falcatumbupleurum root柴胡サイコchái hú柴胡柴胡22Camellia sinensistea leaf茶葉チャヨウchá yè茶葉茶叶1Cannabis sativahemp fruit麻子仁マシニンmá zǐ rén麻子仁麻子仁3Carthamus tinctoriussafflower flower紅花コウカhóng huā紅花红花Carthamus tinctorius2Syzygium aromaticumclove flower丁子チョウジdīng zǐ丁子丁子2Senna obtusifoliasenna seed決明子ケツメイシjué míng zǐ決明子决明子0Chrysanthemi Floschrysanthemum flower菊花キッカjú huā菊花菊花Chrysanthemum morifolium1Cryptotympana atrataSinokorean cicada molting蝉退ゼンタイchán tuì蟬退蝉退1Actaea simplexbugbane rhizome, cohosh rhizome升麻ショウマshēng má升麻升麻5Cinnamomum cassiaChinese cinnamon bark桂皮ケイヒguì pí桂皮桂皮39Clematis chinensisclematis root威霊仙イレイセンwēi líng xiān威靈仙威灵仙2Oreocome striataOreocome root川芎センキュウchuān xiōng川芎川芎Cnidium officinale25Coix lacrymaJob's Tears seed薏苡仁ヨクイニンyì yǐ rén薏苡仁薏苡仁3Coptis japonicagoldenthread rhizome黄連オウレンhuáng lián黃連黄连11Cornus officinalisJapanese cornel fruit山茱萸サンシュユshān zhū yú山茱萸山茱萸Cornus officinalis3Corydalis Rhizomacorydalis rhizome延胡索エンゴサクyán hú suǒ延胡索延胡索Corydalis turtschaninovii1Crassostreae Testapacific oyster shell牡蛎ボレイmǔ lì牡蠣牡蛎Crassostrea gigas4Crataegi FructusJapanese hawthorn fruit山楂子サンザシshān zhā山楂山楂Crataegus cuneata1Crotonis Semenrushfoil seed, croton seed巴豆ハズbā dòu巴豆巴豆Croton tiglium0Cyperi Rhizomanut-grass rhizome香附子コウブシxiāng fù zǐ香附子香附子Cyperus rotundus6Dioscoreae RhizomaChinese yam rhizome山薬サンヤクshān yào山藥山药Dioscorea japonicaD. opposita4Ephedraephedra herb麻黄マオウmá huáng麻黃麻黄Ephedra sinica13Eriobotryae Foliumloquat leaf枇杷葉ビワヨウpí pá yè枇杷葉枇杷叶Eriobotrya japonica1Eucommiae Cortexeucommia bark杜仲トチュウdù zhòng杜仲杜仲Eucommia ulmoides1Eupolyphagaground beetle, wingless cockroach庶虫(1)シャチュウtǔ biē chóng土鱉蟲土鳖虫Eupolyphaga sinensis0Fel Ursibear gallbladder熊胆ユウタンxióng dǎn熊膽熊胆Ursus arctos0Foeniculi Fructusfennel fruit茴香ウイキョウhuí xiāng茴香茴香Foeniculum vulgare1Forsythiae Fructusforsythia fruit連翹レンギョウlián qiào連翹连翘Forsythia suspensa5Fossilia Ossis Mastodidragon bone, fossilized vertebrae and bones竜骨リュウコツlóng gǔ龍骨龙骨2Fritillariae Bulbusfritillaria bulb貝母バイモbèi mǔ貝母贝母Fritillaria verticillata2Gardeniae Fructusgardenia fruit山梔子サンシシshān zhī zǐ山梔子山栀子Gardenia jasminoides13Gastrodiae Rhizomagastrodia rhizome天麻テンマtiān má天麻天麻Gastrodia elata1Gentianae Scabrae RadixChinese gentian root竜胆リュウタンlóng dǎn caǒ龍膽草龙胆草Gentiana scabra3Glehniae Radix Cum Rhizomaglehnia rhizome浜防風ハマボウフウběi shā shēn北沙參北沙参Glehnia littoralis1Glycyrrhizae RadixChinese liquorice root甘草カンゾウgān cǎo甘草甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis94Glycyrrhizae Radix preparataChinese liquorice root炙甘草シャカンゾウzhì gān cǎo炙甘草炙甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis1Gypsum Fibrosumgypsum mineral石膏セッコウshí gāo石膏石膏10Hordei Fructus Germinatusbarley sprout麦芽バクガmài yá麥芽麦芽Hordeum vulgare1Houttuyniae Herbahouttuynia herb十薬ジュウヤクshí yào十藥十药Houttuynia cordata0Leonuri HerbaChinese motherwort herb益母草ヤクモソウyì mǔ cǎo益母草益母草Leonurus japonicus0Lilii Bulbustiger lily bulb百合ビャクゴウbǎi hé百合百合Lilium lancifolium1Linderae Radixspicebush root, benjamin bush root烏薬ウヤクwū yào烏樂乌乐Lindera strychnifolia0Lithospermi Radixlithospermum root紫根シコンzǐ gēn紫根紫根Lithospermum erythrorhizon0Longan Arilluslongan fruit flesh竜眼肉リュウガンニクlóng yǎn ròu龍眼肉龙眼肉Euphoria longana2Lonicerae Folium Cum CaulisJapanese honeysuckle stem忍冬ニンドウrěn dōng téng忍冬藤忍冬疼Lonicera japonica1Lycii Cortexwolfberry tree bark地骨皮ジコッピdì gǔ pí地骨皮地骨皮Lycium chinense2Lycii Fructuswolfberry tree fruit枸杞子クコシgǒu qǐ zǐ枸杞子枸杞子Lycium chinense0Magnoliae Cortexhoupu magnolia bark厚朴コウボクhòu pò厚朴厚朴Magnolia officinalis12Magnoliae Floswillow-leafed magnolia flower辛夷シンイxīn yí辛夷辛夷Magnolia salicifolia2Menthae Herbawild mint herb薄荷ハッカbò hé薄荷薄荷Mentha arvensis7Mori Cortexwhite mulberry bark桑白皮ソウハクヒsāng bái pí桑白皮桑白皮Morus alba2Natrii Sulfussodium sulfate芒硝ボウショウmáng xiāo芒硝芒硝6Nelumbis Semensacred lotus seed蓮肉レンニクlián ròu蓮肉莲肉Nelumbo nucifera2Notopterygii Rhizomanotopterygium rhizome羌活キョウカツqiāng huó羌活羌活Notopterygium incisum3Nupharis RhizomaJapanese water lily rhizome川骨センコツchuān gǔ川骨川骨Nuphar japonicum1Ophiopogonis Rhizomamondo grass rhizome麦門冬バクモンドウmài mén dōng麥門冬麦门冬Ophiopogon japonicus11Oryzae Semenrice seed粳米コウベイjīng mǐ粳米粳米Oryza sativa2Paeoniae Moutan Cortextree peony bark牡丹皮ボタンピmǔ dān pí牡丹皮牡丹皮Paeonia moutan8Paeoniae RadixChinese peony root芍薬シャクヤクsháo yào芍藥芍药Paeonia lactiflora44Panacis Ginseng Radixginseng root人参ニンジンrén shēn人參人参Panax ginseng37Panacis JaponicusJapanese ginseng root竹節人参チクセツニンジンzhú jié rén shēn竹節人參竹节人参Panax japonicus0Perillae Herbashiso herb, beefsteak plant蘇葉ソヨウsū yè蘇葉苏叶Perilla frutescens6Persicae Semenpeach kernel桃仁トウニンtáo rén桃仁桃仁Prunus persica6Peucedani Radixpeucedanum root前胡ゼンコqián hú前胡前胡Peucedanum praeruptorum1Phellodendri Cortexcork-tree bark黄柏オウバクhuáng bǎi黃柏黄柏Phellodendron amurense8Pinelliae Rhizomapinellia rhizome半夏ハンゲbàn xià半夏半夏Pinellia ternata27Plantaginis SemenChinese plantain seed車前子シャゼンシchē qián zǐ車前子车前子Plantago asiatica4Platycodi RadixChinese bellflower root, balloon flower root桔梗キキョウjié gěng桔梗桔梗Platycodon grandiflorus12Polygalae Radixmilkwort root, snakeroot遠志オンジyuǎn zhì遠志远志Polygala tenuifolia3Polygoni Multiflori RadixChinese knotweed root何首烏カシュウhé shǒu wū何首烏何首乌Reynoutria multiflora1Polyporuspolyporus mushroom猪苓チョレイzhū líng豬苓猪苓Polyporus umbellatus6Poriatuckahoe mushroom茯苓ブクリョウfú líng茯苓茯苓Poria cocos46Prunus armeniacaapricot kernel杏仁キョウニンxìng rén杏仁杏仁Prunus armeniaca9Puerariae Radixkudzu root葛根カッコンgé gēn葛根葛根Pueraria lobata4Quercus Cortexsawtooth oak bark樸樕ボクソクxiàng shí橡實橡实Quercus acutissima2Rehmanniae RadixChinese foxglove root地黄ジオウdì huáng地黃地黄Rehmannia glutinosa22Rhei Rhizomaturkey rhubarb rhizome大黄ダイオウdà huáng大黃大黄Rheum palmatum16Saccharum Granorumground sugar膠飴コウイjiāo yí膠飴胶饴0Saposhnikoviae Radixsaposhnikovia root防風ボウフウfáng fēng防風防风Saposhnikovia divaricata11Sappan Lignumsappan wood shavings蘇木ソボクsū mù蘇木苏木Caesalpinia sappan1Saussureae Radixsaw-wort root, snow lotus root木香モッコウmù xiāng木香木香Saussurea lappa3Schisandrae Fructusschisandra fruit五味子ゴミシwǔ wèi zǐ五味子五味子Schisandra chinensis5Schizonepetae Spicaschizonepeta spikes荊芥ケイガイjīng jìe荊芥荆芥Schizonepeta tenuifolia8Scutellariae Radixskullcap root黄芩オウゴンhuáng qín黃芩黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis27Sesami Semensesame seed胡麻ゴマhú má胡麻胡麻Sesamum indicum1Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizomaorient vine rhizome防已ボウイqīng fēng téng青風藤青风藤Sinomenium acutum3Sophorae Radixsophora root苦参クジンkǔ shēn苦參苦参Sophora flavescens2Swertiae Herbaswertia herb当薬トウヤクdāng yào當藥当药Swertia japonica0Talcum Crystallinum (Kadinum)talcum powder滑石カッセキhuá shí滑石滑石4Tetradii Fructusevodia fruit呉茱萸ゴシュユwú zhū yú吳茱萸吴茱萸Tetradium rutaecarpa3Tribuli Fructuspuncture vine fruit蒺藜子(2)シツリシjí lí zǐ蒺藜子蒺藜子Tribulus terrestris1Trichosanthis Radixtrichosanthes root栝楼根カロコンguā lóu gēn瓜蔞根瓜蒌根Trichosanthes kirilowii2Trichosanthes kirilowiitrichosanthes seed栝楼仁カロニンguā lóu rén栝蔞仁栝蒌仁1Triticum aestivumcommon wheat seed小麦ショウバクxiǎo mài小麥小麦1Uncaria gambirgambier extract阿仙薬アセンヤクā xiān yào阿仙藥阿仙药0Uncaria rhynchophyllagambier extract釣藤鈎チョウトウコウdiào gōu téng釣鉤藤钓钩藤4Zanthoxylum piperitumJapanese pepper tree fruit山椒サンショウshān jiāo山椒山椒2Zingiberis officinalefresh ginger rhizome生姜ショウキョウshēng jiāng生薑生姜Zingiber officinale51Zingiber officinaledried ginger rhizome乾姜カンキョウgān jiāng乾薑干姜Zingiber officinale12Ziziphus zizyphusjujube fruit, Chinese date大棗タイソウdà zǎo大棗大枣39Ziziphus zizyphusjujube seed, Chinese date seed酸棗仁サンソウニンsuān zǎo rén酸棗仁酸枣仁Ziziphus zizyphus3
Note 1: this character cannot be displayed correctly on a computer. "庶" is usually substituted in Chinese and Japanese. The "灬" in "庶" should be replaced with "虫". Note 2: this character cannot be displayed correctly on a computer. "梨" is usually substituted in Chinese. "梨" or "藜" is usually substituted in Japanese. The "勿" in "藜" should be replaced with "刂".
See also Kampo list Chinese classic herbal formula List of plants used in herbalism Pharmacopoeia
References
Tsumura Herb Handbook Bensky, Dan, Steve Clavey, Erich Stöger, and Andrew Gamble "Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica" 3rd ed. Eastland Press, 2004. () Eastland Press Herb List Arranged by Pinyin Wiseman, Nigel. "Learner's Disney Character Dictionary of Chinese Medicine"
External links The World of Kampo