Events Pre-1600 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne over the Tang dynasty of China. 929 – Battle of Lenzen: Slavic forces (the Redarii and the Obotrites) are defeated by a Saxon army near the fortified stronghold of Lenzen in Brandenburg. 1260 – The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of Manfred, King of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti. 1282 – Peter III of Aragon is proclaimed King of Sicily in Palermo. 1479 – The Treaty of Alcáçovas is signed by the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal.
1601–1900 1607 – The Flight of the Earls takes place in Ireland (14 September N.S.). 1666 – In London, England, the most destructive damage from the Great Fire occurs. 1746 – The Treaty of Kerden concludes the Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746). 1774 – New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook. 1781 – Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de los Ángeles (The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels) by 44 Spanish settlers. 1797 – Coup of 18 Fructidor in France. 1800 – The French garrison in Valletta surrenders to British troops who had been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The islands of Malta and Gozo become the Malta Protectorate. 1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Harrison begins when the fort is set on fire. 1813 – Future U.S. president Andrew Jackson is shot in a tavern brawl with future U.S. Senator Thomas Hart Benton and others. 1827 – The Great Fire of Turku almost completely destroys Finland's former capital city. 1839 – Battle of Kowloon: British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War. 1862 – American Civil War Maryland Campaign: General Robert E. Lee takes the Army of Northern Virginia, and the war, into the North. 1870 – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. 1882 – The Pearl Street Station in New York City becomes the first power plant to supply electricity to paying customers. 1886 – American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo, with his remaining warriors, surrenders to General Nelson Miles in Arizona. 1888 – George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.
1901–present 1912 – Albanian rebels succeed in their revolt when the Ottoman Empire agrees to fulfill their demands 1919 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace. 1923 – Maiden flight of the first U.S. airship, the . 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Largo Caballero forms a war cabinet to direct the republican war effort. 1939 – World War II: William J. Murphy commands the first Royal Air Force attack on Germany. 1941 – World War II: A German submarine makes the first attack of the war against a United States warship, the . 1944 – World War II: The British 11th Armoured Division liberates the Belgian city of Antwerp. 1944 – World War II: Finland exits from the war with Soviet Union. 1948 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons. 1949 – Paul Robeson performs a second concert in Peekskill, New York eight days after the Peekskill riots. 1950 – Darlington Raceway is the site of the inaugural Southern 500, the first 500-mile NASCAR race. 1951 – The first live transcontinental television broadcast takes place in San Francisco, United States, from the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference. 1957 – American Civil Rights Movement: Little Rock Crisis: The governor of Arkansas calls out the National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling in Little Rock Central High School, resulting in the lawsuit Cooper v. Aaron the following year. 1963 – Swissair Flight 306 crashes near Dürrenäsch, Switzerland, killing all 80 people on board. 1964 – Scotland's Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh officially opens. 1967 – Vietnam War: Operation Swift begins when U.S. Marines engage the North Vietnamese in battle in the Que Son Valley. 1970 – Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile. 1971 – Alaska Airlines Flight 1866 crashes near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board. 1972 – Mark Spitz becomes the first competitor to win seven medals at a single Olympic Games. 1972 – The Price Is Right premieres on CBS. It currently is the longest running game show on American television. 1975 – The Sinai Interim Agreement relating to the Arab–Israeli conflict is signed. 1977 – The Golden Dragon massacre takes place in San Francisco. 1985 – The discovery of Buckminsterfullerene, the first fullerene molecule of carbon. 1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, the first of weekly demonstration for the legalisation of opposition groups and democratic reforms takes place. 1995 – The 1995 Okinawa rape occurs when 3 US servicemen abduct and rape a schoolchild. This would cause widespread protest against the US military presence on the prefecture. 1998 – Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two PhD students at Stanford University. 2001 – Tokyo DisneySea opens to the public as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. 2002 – The Oakland Athletics win their 20th consecutive game, an American League record, until the Cleveland Indians surpassed it in 2017. 2007 – Three terrorists suspected to be a part of Al-Qaeda are arrested in Germany after allegedly planning attacks on both the Frankfurt International airport and US military installations. 2020 – Pope Benedict XVI becomes the longest-lived pope, 93 years, four months, 16 days, surpassing Pope Leo XIII, who died in 1903. 2022 – Ten people are killed and 15 are injured in a stabbing spree in 13 locations on the James Smith Cree Nation and in Weldon, Saskatchewan. 2024 – A 14-year-old gunman kills four people and injures seven in a mass shooting at Apalachee High School near Winder, Georgia.
Births Pre-1600 973 – Al-Biruni, Persian physician and polymath (died 1048) 1241 – Alexander III, king of Scotland (died 1286) 1383 – Felix V, antipope of Rome (died 1451) 1454 – Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician, Lord High Constable of England (died 1483) 1557 – Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, queen consort of Denmark and Norway (died 1631) 1563 – Wanli, Chinese emperor (died 1620) 1580 – George Percy, English explorer (died 1632) 1596 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (died 1687)
1601–1900 1681 – Carl Heinrich Biber, Austrian violinist and composer (died 1749) 1717 – Job Orton, English minister and author (died 1783) 1745 – Shneur Zalman, Russian rabbi, author and founder of Chabad (died 1812) 1755 – Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish general and politician (died 1810) 1768 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for France (died 1848) 1803 – Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (died 1891) 1809 – Manuel Montt, Chilean scholar and politician, 6th President of Chile (died 1880) 1809 – Juliusz Słowacki, Polish poet and playwright (died 1849) 1810 – Donald McKay, Nova Scotia born naval architect (died 1880) 1824 – Anton Bruckner, Austrian organist and composer (died 1896) 1825 – Dadabhai Naoroji, Indian academic and politician, President of the Indian National Congress (died 1917) 1826 – Martin Wiberg, Swedish philosopher and engineer (died 1905) 1832 – Antonio Agliardi, Italian cardinal (died 1915) 1846 – Daniel Burnham, American architect, designed the World's Columbian Exposition (died 1912) 1877 – Kārlis Ulmanis, Latvian prime minister and president (died 1942) 1848 – Lewis Howard Latimer, American inventor (died 1928) 1850 – Luigi Cadorna, Italian field marshal (died 1928) 1851 – John Dillon, Irish poet and politician (died 1927) 1862 – Franjo Krežma, Croatian violinist and composer (died 1881)Krežma, Franjo at Hrvatska Enciklopedija 1885 – Antonio Bacci, Italian cardinal (died 1971) 1886 – Albert Orsborn, English 6th General of The Salvation Army (died 1967) 1887 – Roy William Neill, Irish-English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1946) 1888 – Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor, designer and choreographer (died 1943) 1890 – Gunnar Sommerfeldt, Danish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1947) 1891 – Fritz Todt, German engineer, politician, and senior Nazi official (died 1942) 1892 – Darius Milhaud, French composer and educator (died 1974) 1894 – Daniel van der Meulen, Dutch diplomat (died 1989) 1896 – Antonin Artaud, French actor, director, and playwright (died 1948)
1901–present 1901 – William Lyons, English businessman, co-founded Jaguar Cars (died 1985) 1905 – Mary Renault, English-South African author (died 1983) 1905 – Walter Zapp, Latvian-Estonian inventor, invented the Minox (died 2003) 1906 – Ruben Oskar Auervaara, Finnish fraudster (died 1964)Soukola, Timo: "Auervaara, Ruben Oskar (1906–1964)", Suomen kansallisbiografia, volume 1, pp 443–444. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2003. . Online version. 1906 – Max Delbrück, German-American biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981) 1907 – Reggie Nalder, Austrian-American actor (died 1991) 1908 – Edward Dmytryk, Canadian-American director and producer (died 1999) 1908 – Richard Wright, American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet (died 1960) 1909 – Eduard Wirths, German physician (died 1945) 1910 – Denis Tomlinson, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (died 1993) 1912 – Syd Hoff, American author and illustrator (died 2004) 1912 – Alexander Liberman, Russian-American publisher, painter, photographer, and sculptor (died 1999) 1913 – Mickey Cohen, American mob boss (died 1976) 1913 – Stanford Moore, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1982) 1913 – Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect (died 2005) 1914 – Rudolf Leiding, German businessman (died 2003) 1917 – Henry Ford II, American businessman (died 1987) 1918 – Paul Harvey, American radio host (died 2009) 1918 – Gerald Wilson, American trumpet player and composer (died 2014) 1919 – Émile Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2012) 1919 – Howard Morris, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) 1919 – Kurnianingrat, Indonesian educator (died 1993) 1920 – Konstantin Kalser, German-American film producer and advertising executive (died 1994) 1922 – Per Olof Sundman, Swedish author and politician (died 1992) 1923 – Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian lawyer and politician (died 2003) 1924 – Joan Aiken, English author (died 2004) 1924 – Justinas Lagunavičius, Lithuanian basketball player (died 1997) 1925 – Asa Earl Carter, American Ku Klux Klan leader and author (died 1979) 1926 – George William Gray, British chemist, developer of stable liquid crystals (died 2013) 1926 – Ivan Illich, Austrian priest and philosopher (died 2002) 1926 – Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2015) 1927 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist and academic (died 2011) 1927 – Ferenc Sánta, Hungarian author and screenwriter (died 2008) 1928 – Dick York, American actor (died 1992) 1929 – Thomas Eagleton, American lawyer and politician, 38th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri (died 2007) 1930 – William Maxson, American general (died 2013) 1930 – Jerry Ragovoy, American songwriter ("Piece Of My Heart"; "Time Is On My Side"; "Pata Pata") (died 2011) 1931 – Mitzi Gaynor, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2024) 1931 – Antonios Trakatellis, Greek biochemist and politician 1932 – Carlos Romero Barceló, Puerto Rican lawyer and politician, 5th Governor of Puerto Rico (died 2021) 1934 – Clive Granger, Welsh-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2009)