Goncharov (), feminine: Goncharova (), is an occupational Russian surname derived from the Russian word gonchar meaning potter.

Belarusian people with the Belarusian-language surname Hancharou may also use the Russian spelling, because Russian is the second official language in Belarus.

Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Goncharov (born 1960), Soviet-American mathematician Aleksandr Goncharov (1959–1990), Soviet Russian hockey player Aleksandra Goncharova (actress) (1888–1969), Russian film actress Aleksandra Goncharova (cyclist) (born 1992), Russian road and track cyclist Aleksei Fyodorovich Goncharov (1879–1913), Russian chess master Aleksei Vladimirovich Goncharov (born 1988), Russian footballer Anastasiia Goncharova (), Russian Paralympian swimmer. Andrey Goncharov (1918–2001), Soviet and Russian theater director, pedagogue and author Dmitri Goncharov (born 1975), Russian footballer Evgeniy Goncharov (born 1986), Russian mixed martial artist Georgy Goncharov (), Russian expatriate dancer German Goncharov (1928–2009), Russian physicist Ivan Goncharov (1812–1891), Russian author Margarita Goncharova (born 1991), Russian Paralympian sprinter Marina Goncharova (born 1986), Russian heptathlete Maxim Goncharov (born 1989), Russian professional ice hockey player

Nikolay Goncharov (born 1984), Russian politician Pyotr Grigorievich Goncharov (1888–1970), Russian composer Sofia Goncharova (born 1981), Russian compound archer Stanislav Goncharov (born 1983), Russian footballer Valentyna Honcharova (born 1990), Ukrainian sport shooter Valeriya Goncharova (born 1988), Russian volleyball player. Vasily Goncharov (1861–1915), Russian film director and screenwriter Viktor Goncharov (born 1976), Russian footballer Yelena Tyushnyakova née Goncharova (born 1963), Russian speed skater and ice hockey player

See also Goncharova, crater on Venus Goncharov (meme), fictitious mafia film

ru:Гончаров