The following people are children of U.S. presidents, including biological children, confirmed and alleged extramarital children, adopted or abducted children, stepchildren, and legal wards. Status of paternity investigation/confirmation is included with entries for alleged extramarital children. All full names (including full married names) are given. Currently there are 32 confirmed, known living presidential children, of whom the oldest is Lynda Bird Johnson Robb and the youngest is Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, have become president in their own right. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison. Five presidents fathered no (known, biological) children: George Washington, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and James Buchanan. Wives of two of these presidents, Martha Washington and Dolley Madison, had children from previous marriages; Rachel Jackson had no biological children from either of her marriages. At least six presidents have had alleged or confirmed extramarital children. Several presidents, including Thomas Jefferson, John Tyler, William Henry Harrison, and Andrew Johnson, have alleged or confirmed extramarital children with enslaved women or girls who could not legally consent to or reject sexual intercourse with their enslavers because they had no legal personhood and no recourse of any kind. During the Creek War, Andrew Jackson sent three Indigenous or mixed-race babies to the Hermitage. These children have been variously described as adopted or as spoils of war.

Presidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture. Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. A number of presidential sons and wards have served their fathers as Secretary to the President of the United States. Due to a combination of nepotism, generational wealth, and the spoils system, children of presidents have often received benefit from being born into an American political family, either by dint of government appointments or other advantage in running for office.

As a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes;See, e.g., Angelo, First Families. and the issue of their influence on society and politics.

18th century George and Martha Washington They had no biological children together. Martha Washington had four children with Daniel Parke Custis.

Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Daniel Parke Custis Jr. – No spouse Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington. Frances Parke Custis – No spouse Posthumous stepdaughter; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington. John Parke "Jacky" Custis – Eleanor Calvert Stepson. Died from "camp fever" while serving in the American Revolutionary War. Father of: Unnamed (1775) Elizabeth Parke Custis Law (1776–1831) Martha Parke Custis Peter (1777–1854) Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (1779–1852) Unnamed Twins (1780) George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857) Martha Parke "Patsy" Custis 1756 – No spouse Stepdaughter. Died from an epileptic seizure.

Alleged illegitimate children of George Washington Child Lifetime Spouse Notes – Martha Mathews Posey's parentage is unclear. According to rumors, Posey was born out of wedlock to the widow of George Harrison and was adopted by her second husband John Posey; that he was the illegitimate child of John Posey and another woman; or that he might have been the natural son of seventeen-year-old George Washington and an unnamed "Low Land Beauty" who was raised by the Poseys. Mary Alexander Thornton West Ford – Caretaker at Mount Vernon; descendants assert Washington was his father, see

John and Abigail Adams

Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Abigail AdamsNickname: Nabby or Amelia – William Stephens Smith Earliest confirmed biological child of a president of the United States. Mother of: William Steuben Smith (1787–1850) John Adams Smith (1788–1854) Thomas Hollis Smith (1790–1791) Caroline Amelia Smith (1795–1852) John Quincy Adams6th president (1825–1829) – Louisa Catherine Johnson 6th president of the United States, see below at John Quincy and Louisa Adams Susanna "Suky" Adams – No spouse Died of an unknown illness Charles Adams – Sarah Smith Died likely of pleurisy; the first first child to die during their parent's presidency. Father of: Susanna Boylston Adams (1796–1884) Abigail Louisa Smith Adams (1798–1836) Thomas Boylston Adams – Ann Harrod Father of: Abigail Smith Adams (1806–1845) Thomas Boylston Adams (1809–1837) Elizabeth Coombs Adams (1809–1903) Frances Foster Adams (1811–1812) Isaac Hull Adams (1813–1900) John Quincy Adams (1815–1854) Joseph Harrod Adams (1817–1853) Elizabeth Adams July 11, 1777 No spouse Stillborn

19th century Thomas and Martha Jefferson Child Lifetime Spouse Notes John Skelton – No spouse Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Skelton's marriage to Jefferson. Fathered by her first husband, Bathurst Skelton. Martha "Patsy" Jefferson – Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.Mother of: Ann Cary Randolph (1791–1826) Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792–1875) Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794–1795) (Died in infancy due to a fatal illness. Her parents later gave her full name to their next child and daughter born in 1796.) Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796–1876) Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799–1871) Virginia Jefferson Randolph (1801–1881) Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803–1876) James Madison Randolph (1806–1834) Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808–1871) Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810–1837) Septimia Anne Randolph (1814–1887) George Wythe Randolph (1818–1867) Jane Randolph Jefferson – No spouse Died of unknown causes Unnamed infant – Died in infancy Mary JeffersonNickname: Polly or Maria – John Wayles Eppes Mother of: Baby Girl Eppes (1799–1800) Francis Wayles Eppes (1801–1881) Maria Jefferson Eppes (1804–1806) Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (I) – No spouse Died of an unspecified illness Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (II) – Died of whooping cough

Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings (enslaved concubine) Children with Sally Hemings; see Jefferson DNA data. Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Harriet Hemings (I) – No spouse Died of unknown causes William Beverly Hemings – A white woman in Maryland One daughter, unnamed Hemings – No spouse Died in early childhood Harriet Hemings (II) – Unknown Unknown Madison Hemings – Mary Hughes McCoy Father of: Hemings Sarah Hemings (1835–1884) Thomas Eston Hemings (1839–1865) Harriet Hemings (1842–1926) Mary Ann Hemings (1843–1921) Catherine Jane Hemings (1844–1880) William Beverly Hemings (1847–1910) James Madison Hemings (1849–1922) Julia Ann Hemings (1851–1867) Ellen Wayles Hemings (1856–1940) Eston Hemings – Julia Ann Isaacs Father of: John Wayles Jefferson (1835–1892) Anna Wayles Jefferson (1837–1866) Beverly Frederick Jefferson (1839–1908)

Thomas Woodson, the father of Lewis Woodson and Sarah Jane Woodson, was also claimed to be a child of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. However, DNA testing of the male Jefferson line and the male Woodson line showed no link.

James and Dolley Madison No children together, but raised the older of Dolley's two sons from her first marriage to John Todd. Child Lifetime Spouse Notes John Payne "Payne" Todd – No spouse Stepson raised by James Madison; father was John Todd Jr. William Temple Todd – Posthumous stepson; died of yellow fever, along with his biological father, in the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic

James and Elizabeth Monroe Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Elizabeth Kortright "Eliza" Monroe December 1786 – Letter, April 10, 1788, James Monroe (Richmond, Virginia) to Thomas Jefferson (Paris)The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.: "...I think I mention'd to you in my last Mrs. M[onroe] had made us happy by giving us a daughter who is now 16 months old an[d] begins to talk..."February 3, 1840, The Observer (London, England), page 1: "BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS...DIED... [January] 27th, at her residence in the Champs Elysees, Paris, Mrs. Elizabeth K. M. Hay, relict of the late George Hay, Esq., of Virginia, and daughter of the late James Monroe, Esq., formerly President of the United States of America." George Hay Mother of Hortensia Monroe Hay (1809–1834) James Spence Monroe May 1799 – No spouse Died after "several days sickness" Maria Hester Monroe – Samuel Laurence Gouverneur Mother of: Hester Gouverneur (1821) James Monroe Gouverneur (1822–1885) Elizabeth Kortright Gouverneur (1824–1868) Samuel Laurence Gouverneur Jr. (1826–1880)

John Quincy and Louisa Adams

Child Lifetime Spouse Notes George Washington Adams – None Jumped off of a boat and drowned, believed to have been a suicide. John Adams II – Mary Catherine Hellen Father of: Mary Louisa Adams (December 2, 1828 – July 16, 1859) Georgiana Frances Adams (September 10, 1830 – November 20, 1839)Unknown identity June 22, 1806 No spouse Stillborn Charles Francis Adams Sr. – Abigail Brown BrooksServed as Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1861–1868)Father of: Louisa Catherine Adams (1831–1870) John Quincy Adams II (1833–1894) Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1835–1915) Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918) Arthur Adams (1841–1846) Mary Gardiner Adams (1845–1928) Peter Chardon Brooks Adams (1848–1927) Louisa Catherine Adams – No spouse Died in Saint Petersburg, Russia, from an unknown illness while her father was serving as Minister to Russia

Andrew and Rachel Jackson

No biological children together, informally "adopted" four. Andrew and Rachel also served as guardians to at least eight other children, and there were a total of 37 individuals who could be considered wards of Andrew Jackson. According to researcher Rachel Meredith, "Andrew Jr. was the only ward that he and Rachel considered to be a child of theirs." Andrew Jackson Jr. is the only person listed as a descendant of Andrew and Rachel in family trees included in volume one of The Papers of Andrew Jackson and in Robert V. Remini's biographies.

Child Lifetime Spouse Notes Andrew Jackson Jr. – Sarah Yorke Biological child of Rachel's brother Severn Donelson; born a twin and adopted in infancy. Died of tetanus contracted in hunting accident. Father of five: Rachel Jackson Lawrence (1832–1923) Andrew Jackson III (1834–1906) Samuel Jackson (1837–1863) Thomas Jefferson Jackson (1841–1841)