Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania (in ) is the constitutional court of the Republic of Lithuania, established by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992. It began the activities after the adoption of the Law of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania on 3 February 1993. Since its inception, the court has been located in Vilnius.
The main task of the court is judicial review. It may therefore declare the acts of the Seimas unconstitutional and thus render them ineffective. As such, it is comparable to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany or, in a limited scope, to the Supreme Court of the United States. However, it differs from it and other supreme courts in that it is not part of the regular judicial system, but more a unique judicial branch. Most importantly, it does not serve as a regular court of appeals from lower courts or as a sort of "superappellate court" on any violation of national laws.
Its jurisdiction is focused on constitutional issues, the integrity of the Constitution. Moreover, it adjudicates on the conformance of the acts of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania to the laws, compliance with the Constitution of international agreements, as well as their ratification, and takes a final decision on voting infringements.
Activities
The Court has played a substantial role in the development of the Lithuanian legal system, declaring a number of national laws unconstitutional. On 31 March 2004, it issued a ruling acknowledging the breach of the oath of office by the President Rolandas Paksas. He was removed from office by Seimas following the impeachment on 6 April 2004; this has been the first successful case of impeachment of the head of state in the history of Europe.Lithuania: Paksas Becomes First European President To Be Removed From Office Accessed January 8, 2007 The ruling interpreted the Constitution as precluding a person, who was pleaded guilty for the breach of oath, from assuming any future position in public service, which requires taking an oath.
On 9 December 1998, the Constitutional Court declared that article 105 of the criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania, which established the death penalty, violated several articles of the Constitution.Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimas dėl Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso 105 straipsnio sankcijoje numatytos mirties bausmės atitikimo Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijai (Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania on the constitutionality of the death penalty provided in the sanction of article 105 of the criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania) This ruling was a big step in humanizing the punishment system.Constitutional Court (13 January 2020) 25 Konstitucinio Teismo bylos, pakeitusios Lietuvą (25 cases of the Constitutional Court that changed Lithuania), p. 11
Composition The Court comprises nine justices, appointed by the Seimas, for a nine-year non-renewable term of office. Only Lithuanian citizens of an impeccable reputation, who are trained in law, and who have served for at least 10 years in the legal profession, or in an area of legal education are eligible for appointment. Usually, notable legal scholars and highly experienced judges qualify for the position. The court is renewed by a third every three years. The candidates are nominated by the Chairman of the Seimas, the President of Lithuania and the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Seimas then decides on appointing them. The Seimas appoints the President of the Court from among the justices upon the nomination by the President of the state.
Members Current members
Name Date of birth Hometown President Date appointed Mandatory retirement year Law School Prior judicial office Šilalė Nausėda Vilnius University Trakai Nausėda Vilnius University Ignalina District Local CourtVilnius Regional CourtSupreme Court of Lithuania Babrai Nausėda Vilnius UniversityGoethe University Frankfurt Vilnius Nausėda Vilnius UniversityUniversity of Freiburg Vilkaviškis Nausėda Mykolas Riomeris University Tūjainiai Nausėda Vilnius University Švenčionėliai Nausėda Vilnius University Druskininkai City District CourtCourt of Appeal of LithuaniaSupreme Court of Lithuania Ignalina Nausėda Vilnius UniversityGoethe University Frankfurt Joniškis Nausėda Vilnius University Vilnius City District CourtSupreme Administrative Court of Lithuania
Historical composition 1993–1996
Juozas Žilys (President) Algirdas Gailiūnas Kęstutis Lapinskas Zigmas Levickis Vladas Pavilonis († 2003) Pranas Vytautas Rasimavičius († 2002) Teodora Staugaitienė Stasys Stačiokas Stasys Šedbaras
1996–1999
Juozas Žilys (President) Egidijus Jarašiūnas Kęstutis Lapinskas Zigmas Levickis Augustinas Normantas Vladas Pavilonis (†2003) Jonas Prapiestis Pranas Vytautas Rasimavičius (†2002) Teodora Staugaitienė
1999–2002
Vladas Pavilonis (President) (†2003) Egidijus Jarašiūnas Egidijus Kūris Zigmas Levickis Augustinas Normantas Jonas Prapiestis Vytautas Sinkevičius Stasys Stačiokas Teodora Staugaitienė
2002–2005
Egidijus Kūris (President) Egidijus Jarašiūnas Augustinas Normantas Armanas Abramavičius Kęstutis Lapinskas Zenonas Namavičius Jonas Prapiestis Vytautas Sinkevičius Stasys Stačiokas
2005-2008
Egidijus Kūris (President) Vytautas Sinkevičius Stasys Stačiokas Kęstutis Lapinskas Armanas Abramavičius Zenonas Namavičius Romualdas Kęstutis Urbaitis Toma Birmontienė Ramutė Ruškytė
2008-2011
Kęstutis Lapinskas (President) Armanas Abramavičius Zenonas Namavičius Romualdas Kęstutis Urbaitis Toma Birmontienė Ramutė Ruškytė Pranas Kuconis Egidijus Šileikis Algirdas Taminskas
2011-2014
Romualdas Kęstutis Urbaitis (President) Toma Birmontienė Ramutė Ruškytė Pranas Kuconis Egidijus Šileikis Algirdas Taminskas Dainius Žalimas Egidijus Bieliūnas Gediminas Mesonis
2014-2017
Dainius Žalimas (President) Pranas Kuconis Egidijus Šileikis Algirdas Taminskas Gediminas Mesonis Elvyra Baltutytė Vytas Milius Vytautas Greičius Danutė Jočienė
2017-2020
Dainius Žalimas (President) Gediminas Mesonis Elvyra Baltutytė Vytas Milius Vytautas Greičius Danutė Jočienė Gintaras Goda Daiva Petrylaitė Janina Stripeikienė
2020-2023
Danutė Jočienė (President) Elvyra Baltutytė Vytautas Greičius Gintaras Goda Daiva Petrylaitė Janina Stripeikienė Giedrė Lastauskienė Algis Norkūnas Vytautas Mizaras
2023-2026
Gintaras Goda (President) Daiva Petrylaitė Janina Stripeikienė Giedrė Lastauskienė Algis Norkūnas Vytautas Mizaras Tomas Davulis Aurelijus Gutauskas Stasys Šedbaras
References
External links