As one of the first nine colleges founded in the United States of America—founded as Queen's College in 1766 (a decade before the country's independence from Great Britain)—Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey' has two-and-a-half centuries of tradition and heritage.
School spirit
Current mascot The official mascot of the Rutgers Scarlet Knights is Sir Henry, the Scarlet Knight.
Colors, mottoes and prior mascots Rutgers University's only school color is scarlet. Initially, students sought to make orange the school color, citing Rutgers' Dutch heritage and in reference to the Prince of Orange. The Rutgers student publication Targum (which would go on to become The Daily Targum) first proposed that scarlet be adopted in May 1869, claiming that it was a striking color and because scarlet ribbon was easily obtained. During the first intercollegiate football game with Princeton on November 6, 1869, the players from Rutgers wore scarlet-colored turbans and handkerchiefs to distinguish them as a team from the Princeton players. The Board of Trustees officially made scarlet the school color in 1900.
In its early days, Rutgers athletes were known informally as "The Scarlet" in reference to the school color, or as "Queensmen" in reference to the institution's first name, Queen's College. In 1925, the mascot was changed to Chanticleer, a fighting rooster from the medieval fable Reynard the Fox (Le Roman de Renart) which was used by Geoffrey Chaucer's in the Canterbury Tales. At the time, the student humor magazine at Rutgers was called Chanticleer, and one of its early arts editors, Ozzie Nelson (later of The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet fame) was quarterback of the Rutgers team from 1924 to 1926.Scarlet Letter 1924 (Rutgers University yearbook), Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries. The Chanticleer mascot was unveiled at a football game against Lafayette College, in which Lafayette was also introducing a new mascot, a leopard. However, the choice of Chanticleer as a mascot was often the subject of ridicule because of its association with "being chicken". In 1955, the mascot was changed to the Scarlet Knight after a campus-wide election, beating out other contenders such as "Queensmen", the "Scarlet", the "Red Lions", the "Redmen" and the "Flying Dutchmen".Tradition at www.scarletknights.com. Published by Rutgers University Athletic Department (no further authorship information available), accessed September 10, 2006.Series of articles in the spring of 1955 issues of the Rutgers Targum (then printed weekly), the Rutgers University campus newspaper. Microfilm records v.94:no.36-v.104:no.58 April 17, 1953 - December 5, 1972, Archibald S. Alexander Library, Current Periodicals and Microforms Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey Earlier proposed nicknames included "Pioneers" and "Cannoneers". When Harvey Harman, then coach of the football team, was asked why he supported changing the Rutgers mascot, he was quoted as saying, "You can call it the Chanticleer, you can call it a fighting cock, you can call it any damn thing you want, but everybody knows it's a chicken."Quoted in the Rutgers Targum (April 8, 1955). Microfilm records v.94:no.36-v.104:no.58 April 17, 1953 - December 5, 1972 (1 roll) Archibald S. Alexander Library, Current Periodicals and Microforms Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey Harman later is said to have bought the first "Scarlet Knight" mascot costume for the 1955 season, which was to be his final season as football coach at Rutgers.Editorial in the Rutgers Targum (September 9, 1955). Microfilm records v.94:no.36-v.104:no.58 April 17, 1953 - December 5, 1972, (1 roll) Archibald S. Alexander Library, Current Periodicals and Microforms Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Rutgers' motto, Sol iustitiae et occidentem illustra (translated as "Sun of righteousness, shine upon the West also") is derived from the motto of the University of Utrecht in The Netherlands, which is Sol Iustitiae Illustra Nos (translated as "Sun of Justice, shine upon us"). It is a reference to the biblical texts of Malachi 4:2 and Matthew 13:43. This motto appears in the university's seal (pictured above), which is also derived from that of the University of Utrecht, and depicts a multi-pointed sun.Presidential Inauguration: Inauguration Pageantry and Color accessed September 9, 2006.
Coat of arms The shield of the Rutgers coat of arms appears on the university gonfalon, and is at the head of all processions. The first quarter bears the arms of Nassau, the House of Orange, and recognizes the Dutch founders. The arms in the upper sinister quarter are those of George III combined with Queen Charlotte's. It was George III who granted the Charter of 1766 to Queen's College, named in honor of Charlotte of Mecklenburg, King George's consort. The arms shown on the sinister half are Queen Charlotte's. The third quarter from the Seal of the State of New Jersey. The fourth quarter is the coat of arms of Colonel Henry Rutgers.
Seal The University Seal based on that of the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands whose motto around a sun is "Sol iustitiae nos illustra": "Sun of righteousness, shine upon us". Rutgers modified the Utrecht seal to read "Sol iustitiae et occidentem illustra"; embracing the Western world, meaning "Sun of righteousness, shine upon the West also." The boards of governors and trustees approved a revised seal for the university 1997 that includes the words "Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey" and adds the 1766 founding date.
School songs and chants
Several school songs are connected with the school's athletic heritage. The alma mater of Rutgers University is On the Banks of the Old Raritan with words written by Howard Fullerton (Rutgers Class of 1874) and adapted to an old Scottish melody On the Banks of the Old Dundee.George J. Lukac (ed.), Aloud to Alma Mater. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966), 70-73. (No ISBN) It is typically performed at the close of athletic events by the university's marching band, the Marching Scarlet Knights (also called "The Pride of New Jersey"), at Rutgers University Glee Club concerts, commencement and other important school events. The university's fight song, The Bells Must Ring, is performed often during athletic events especially in recognition of notable scores. Written in 1931 for entry in a student song contest, pianist Richard M. Hadden (Rutgers Class of 1932) composed the song with W. E. Sanford (Rutgers Class of 1930). Between the verses of the fight song, the spirit chant is rhythmically shouted.Richard M. Hadden RC'32, November 20, 1910 - July 9, 2003: Composer of "The Bells Must Ring" at Rutgers Alumni News, published by Rutgers University Office of Alumni Relations (no further authorship information available), accessed January 12, 2007.
R-U Rah Rah! R-U Rah Rah! Hoo-Rah! Hoo-Rah! Rutgers, Rah! Upstream, Red Team! Red Team; upstream! (Men) Rah! (Women) Woo! (Men) Rah! (Women) Woo! (All) Rutgers, Rah!"The Bells Must Ring" at Traditional Rutgers Songs, published by Rutgers University (no further authorship information available), accessed January 12, 2007
This chant is one of many recited during Rutgers athletic events. Another popular chant—a "call-and-response" in which one side of the stadium crowd calls out "R" and the other side of the stadium responds with "U" antiphonally, (shorthanded for "Rutgers University") is often performed. Though has not been performed in the modern era, the original spirit chant used at Rutgers was "Rah! Rah! Rah! Bow-wow-wow! Rutgers!"Scarlet Letter 1890 (Rutgers University yearbook), Special Collections and University Archives, Rutgers University Libraries.Rutgers Through the Years Timeline at Rutgers University, accessed August 12, 2006.
In a songbook and in sheet music published by Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. in 1936, the song Loyal Sons of Rutgers was found. The music was attributed to Philip Bliss, and the lyrics in the sheet music were added by Ozzie Nelson (Rutgers Class of '27.) Nelson used it as an early theme song for his radio show. The lyrics as published in the songbook may or may not be the ones Nelson added. They are:
Loyal sons of Rutgers, battling 'Mid the shadows of the twilight, For the prestige of old Rutgers, On the gridiron now they fight.
Chorus: Ring the bells of old Queen's College, Paint the town as ne'er before! Play the game, boys, play together! Score once more, oh, score once more.
Second Verse: Hit the lines and run the ends boys, Play the game with heart and soul. Right on through, at ev'ry plunge, boys, Push the ball across the goal
(repeat chorus)
Other notable songs include Nobody ever died for Dear Old Rutgers composed by Jule Styne to lyrics by Sammy Cahn from the 1947 musical High Button Shoes parodies an 1892 game in which Frank "Pop" Grant, a Rutgers football player, was being taken from the field because of injuries and stated that he would "die for dear old Rutgers." Other's sources state that the player stated "I will die if somebody does not give me a cigarette."History and Tradition published by the Rutgers Touchdown Club (No further authorship information available). Accessed January 12, 2007 The song Loyal Sons which exhorts Rutgers athletes (particularly football players) to "hit the line and run the ends boys...Score once more. Oh score once more."
Athletic rivalry
Rutgers maintains athletic rivalries with other collegiate institutions. The university has a historic rivalry with Princeton University, Seton Hall University, and Columbia University (formerly King's College) originating from the early days of college football. While they maintain this rivalry in other sports, the football rivalry series with Princeton was discontinued after the 1980 series "at the request of Princeton officials, who felt that Rutgers' step toward big‐time football in recent seasons had taken the Scarlet Knights out of the Tigers' desired class of competition." Rutgers has a basketball rivalry with Seton Hall University.
College pranks
Rutgers-Princeton Cannon War
Howard Fullerton goes down in Rutgers history not only for penning the alma mater, but also for allegedly inspiring the theft of a cannon from the campus of Princeton University on April 25, 1875, an event—and the ensuing debate between the two university presidents—reported sensationally in nationwide newspapers. The cannon was believed to have belonged to Rutgers when used in battle during the American Revolution. Under the cover of night, a dozen Rutgers students, stole the cannon from its place at Princeton, and brought it back by wagon to New Brunswick before the following dawn. In retaliation, Princeton students raided the Rutgers Armory and stole a few muskets. Reputedly—though this may have been baseless rhetoric originating from the heated debate after the theft—the Rutgers students are accused of having stolen the wrong cannon. Eventually the committee appointed by the two colleges recommended the return of the stolen items to their owners. When the cannon was returned, Princeton University officials ordered it buried in the ground, encased in cement, with only a few feet of the butt end exposed above ground.Some Legends & Lore of Princeton University: Historical Sketches accessed August 12, 2006.
Several Rutgers students attempted to repeat the crime, unsuccessfully, in October 1946, attaching one end of a length of heavy chain to the cannon and the other to their Ford. Surprised by Princeton men and the local constabulary, they gunned the engine of the Ford so viciously that the car was torn in half. The Rutgers students managed to escape, but with neither the car nor the cannon.