Indonesia has more endemic birds than any other country. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil).
Most endemic birds are in the Wallacea region of eastern Indonesia. Sulawesi supports twelve endemic bird genera. Of all Indonesian endemic birds, about sixty-one species are threatened: thirty-seven species are listed as vulnerable, twenty-three are endangered and eleven species are listed as critical on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Conservation status NE = not evaluated NT = near threatened CR = critical DD = data deficient VU = vulnerable EW = extinct in the wild LC = least concern EN = endangered EX = extinct
Craciformes
Megapodiidae Aepypodius bruijnii (Bruijn's brush-turkey) - EN Talegalla cuvieri (red-billed brush-turkey) - LC Macrocephalon maleo (maleo) - EN Eulipoa wallacei (Moluccan scrubfowl) - VU Megapodius bernsteinii (Sula scrubfowl) - NT Megapodius tenimberensis (Tanimbar scrubfowl) - NE Megapodius geelvinkianus (Biak scrubfowl) - VU
Galliformes
Phasianidae Anurophasis monorthonyx (Snow Mountain quail) - NT Arborophila orientalis (white-faced hill-partridge) - VU Arborophila javanica (chestnut-bellied partridge) - LC Arborophila rubrirostris (red-billed partridge) - LC Gallus varius (green junglefowl) - LC Lophura hoogerwerfi (Hoogerwerf's pheasant) - VU Lophura inornata (Salvadori's pheasant) - VU Polyplectron chalcurum (bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant) - LC
Falconiformes
Falconidae Falco moluccensis (spotted kestrel) - LC
Accipitridae Spilornis rufipectus (Sulawesi serpent eagle) - LC Accipiter griseiceps (Sulawesi goshawk) - LC Accipiter trinotatus (spot-tailed goshawk) - LC Accipiter henicogrammus (Moluccan goshawk) - LC Accipiter nanus (small sparrowhawk) - NT Accipiter erythrauchen (rufous-necked sparrowhawk) - LC Accipiter rhodogaster (vinous-breasted sparrowhawk) - LC Nisaetus floris (Flores hawk-eagle) - EN Nisaetus bartelsi (Javan hawk-eagle) - EN Nisaetus lanceolatus (Sulawesi hawk-eagle) - LC
Gruiformes
Rallidae Rallina leucospila (white-striped forest-rail) - NT Gallirallus sharpei (Sharpe's rail) - DD Gallirallus wallacii (invisible rail) - VU Aramidopsis plateni (snoring rail) - VU Gymnocrex rosenbergii (blue-faced rail) - VU Gymnocrex talaudensis (Talaud rail) - EN Amaurornis isabellinus (isabelline waterhen) - LC Amaurornis magnirostris (Talaud bush-hen) - NE
Turniciformes
Turnicidae Turnix everetti (Sumba buttonquail) - VU
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae Vanellus macropterus (Javanese lapwing) - CR Charadrius javanicus (Javan plover) - NT
Scolopacidae Scolopax saturata (Javan woodcock) - NT Scolopax celebensis (Sulawesi woodcock) - NT Scolopax rochussenii (Moluccan woodcock) - EN
Columbiformes
Columbidae Turacoena manadensis (white-faced cuckoo-dove) - LC Geopelia maugeus (barred dove) - LC Gallicolumba tristigmata (Sulawesi ground dove) - LC Goura cristata (western crowned-pigeon) - VU Treron griseicauda (grey-cheeked green pigeon) - LC Treron floris (Flores green pigeon) - VU Treron teysmannii (Sumba green pigeon) - NT Treron oxyurus (Sumatran green pigeon) - NT Ptilinopus porphyreus (pink-headed fruit-dove) - LC Ptilinopus dohertyi (red-naped fruit-dove) - VU Ptilinopus fischeri (red-eared fruit-dove) - LC Ptilinopus subgularis (maroon-chinned fruit-dove) - NT Ptilinopus bernsteinii (scarlet-breasted fruit-dove) - LC Ptilinopus wallacii (Wallace's fruit-dove) - LC Ptilinopus monacha (blue-capped fruit-dove) - NT Ptilinopus hyogastrus (grey-headed fruit-dove) - LC Ptilinopus granulifrons (carunculated fruit-dove) - VU Ducula concinna (elegant imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula forsteni (white-bellied imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula radiata (grey-headed imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula perspicillata (spectacled imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula myristicivora (spice imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula basilica (cinnamon-bellied imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula lacernulata (dark-backed imperial pigeon) - LC Ducula luctuosa (silver-tipped imperial pigeon) - LC Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa (sombre pigeon) - LC Gymnophaps mada (Buru mountain pigeon) - LC
Psittaciformes
Psittaculidae Loriculus stigmatus (Sulawesi hanging-parrot) - LC Loriculus amabilis (Moluccan hanging-parrot) - LC Loriculus sclateri (Sula hanging-parrot) - LC Loriculus catamene (Sangihe hanging-parrot) - EN Loriculus exilis (red-billed hanging-parrot) - NT Loriculus pusillus (yellow-throated hanging-parrot) - NT Loriculus flosculus (Flores hanging-parrot) - EN Micropsitta geelvinkiana (Geelvink pygmy-parrot) - NT Cacatua moluccensis (salmon-crested cockatoo) - VU Cacatua alba (white cockatoo) - VU Cacatua goffiniana (Tanimbar cockatoo) - NT Chalcopsitta atra (black lory) - LC Eos histrio (red-and-blue lory) - EN Eos squamata (violet-necked lory) - LC Eos bornea (red lory) - LC Eos reticulata (blue-streaked lory) - NT Eos cyanogenia (black-winged lory) - VU Eos semilarvata (blue-eared lory) - LC Trichoglossus ornatus (ornate lorikeet) - LC Saudareos meyeri (yellow-cheeked lorikeet) - LC Saudareos flavoviridis (Sula lorikeet) - LC Lorius garrulus (chattering lory) - EN Lorius domicella (purple-naped lory) - VU Charmosynopsis toxopei (blue-fronted lorikeet) - CR Prioniturus flavicans (yellowish-breasted racquet-tail) - NT Prioniturus platurus (golden-mantled racquet-tail) - LC Prioniturus mada (Buru racquet-tail) - LC Tanygnathus gramineus (black-lored parrot) - VU Tanygnathus megalorynchos (great-billed parrot ) - LC Alisterus amboinensis (Moluccan king-parrot) - LC Psittaculirostris salvadorii (Salvadori's fig-parrot) - VU
Cuculiformes
Cuculidae Cuculus crassirostris (Sulawesi hawk-cuckoo) - LC Cacomantis aeruginosus (Moluccan cuckoo) - NT Chrysococcyx crassirostris (pied bronze-cuckoo) - LC Eudynamys melanorhynchus (black-billed koel) - LC Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus (yellow-billed malkoha) - LC Carpococcyx viridis (Sumatran ground cuckoo) - CR Centropus goliath (Goliath coucal) - LC Centropus spilopterus (Kai coucal) - LC Centropus chalybeus (Biak coucal) - NT Centropus nigrorufus (Sunda coucal) - VU Centropus celebensis (bay coucal) - LC
Strigiformes
Tytonidae Tyto inexspectata (Sulawesi golden owl) - VU Tyto almae (Seram masked owl) - NE Tyto nigrobrunnea (Taliabu masked owl) - EN Tyto sororcula (Moluccan masked owl) - DD Tyto rosenbergii (Sulawesi owl) - LC
Strigidae Otus umbra (Simeulue scops-owl) - NT Otus angelinae (Javan scops-owl) - VU Otus manadensis (Sulawesi scops-owl) - LC Otus collari (Sangihe scops-owl) - LC Otus alfredi (Flores scops-owl) - EN Otus siaoensis (Siau scops-owl) - CR Otus enganensis (Enggano scops-owl) - NT Otus beccarii (Biak scops-owl) - EN Otus mentawi (Mentawai scops-owl) - NT Otus silvicola (Wallace's scops-owl) - LC Glaucidium castanopterum (Javan owlet) - LC Ninox rudolfi (Sumba boobook) - NT Ninox sumbaensis (least boobook) - NT Ninox ios (cinnabar boobook) - VU Ninox ochracea (ochre-bellied boobook) - NT Ninox burhani (Togian boobook) - NE Ninox punctulata (speckled boobook) - LC
Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus diabolicus (Satanic nightjar) - VU Caprimulgus celebensis (Sulawesi nightjar) - LC Caprimulgus meesi (Mees's nightjar ) - LC Caprimulgus pulchellus (Salvadori's nightjar) - NT
Aegothelidae Aegotheles crinifrons (long-whiskered owlet-nightjar) - LC Aegotheles affinis (Vogelkop owlet-nightjar) - DD
Apodiformes
Apodidae Collocalia infuscata (Moluccan swiftlet) - LC Collocalia vulcanorum (volcano swiftlet) - NT
Trogoniformes
Trogonidae Apalharpactes reinwardtii (Javan trogon) - EN Apalharpactes mackloti (Sumatran trogon) - LC
Coraciiformes
Coraciidae Coracias temminckii (purple-winged roller) - LC Eurystomus azureus (purple dollarbird) - VU
Alcedinidae Actenoides monachus (green-backed kingfisher) - NT Actenoides princeps (scaly kingfisher) - LC Tanysiptera ellioti (Kofiau paradise-kingfisher) - DD Tanysiptera riedelii (Biak paradise-kingfisher) - NT Tanysiptera carolinae (Numfor paradise-kingfisher) - NT Cittura cyanotis (lilac-cheeked kingfisher) - NT Caridonax fulgidus (white-rumped kingfisher) - LC Pelargopsis melanorhyncha (black-billed kingfisher) - LC Halcyon cyanoventris (Javan kingfisher) - LC Todirhamphus diops (blue-and-white kingfisher) - LC Todirhamphus lazuli (lazuli kingfisher) - NT Todirhamphus funebris (sombre kingfisher) - VU Todirhamphus enigma (Talaud kingfisher) - NT Ceyx fallax (Sulawesi kingfisher) - NT Alcedo coerulescens (small blue kingfisher) - LC Actenoides capucinus (black-headed kingfisher) - CR
Meropidae Meropogon forsteni (purple-bearded bee-eater) - LC
Bucerotiformes
Bucerotidae Penelopides exarhatus (Sulawesi hornbill) - LC Aceros cassidix (knobbed hornbill) - LC Aceros everetti (Sumba hornbill) - VU
Piciformes
Ramphastidae Megalaima corvina (brown-throated barbet) - LC Megalaima javensis (black-banded barbet) - NT Megalaima armillaris (flame-fronted barbet) - LC
Picidae Dendrocopos temminckii (Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker) - LC Mulleripicus fulvus (ashy woodpecker) - LC
Passeriformes
Pittidae Pitta schneideri (Schneider's pitta) - VU Pitta maxima (ivory-breasted pitta) - LC Pitta dohertyi (Sula pitta) - NT Pitta venusta (graceful pitta) - VU Pitta elegans (elegant pitta) - LC
Ptilonorhynchidae Amblyornis inornata (Vogelkop bowerbird) - LC Amblyornis flavifrons (golden-fronted bowerbird) - LC
Meliphagidae Oreornis chrysogenys (orange-cheeked honeyeater) - LC Melitograis gilolensis (white-streaked friarbird) - LC Philemon brassi (Brass's friarbird) - NT Philemon fuscicapillus (dusky friarbird) - VU Philemon moluccensis (black-faced friarbird) - LC Philemon subcorniculatus (grey-necked friarbird) - LC Melipotes gymnops (Arfak honeyeater) - LC Melidectes leucostephes (Vogelkop melidectes) - LC Ptiloprora erythropleura (rufous-sided honeyeater) - LC Myza celebensis (dark-eared myza) - LC Myza sarasinorum (white-eared myza) - LC Lichmera lombokia (scaly-crowned honeyeater) - LC Lichmera argentauris (olive honeyeater) - LC Lichmera limbata (Indonesian honeyeater) - LC Lichmera squamata (white-tufted honeyeater) - LC Lichmera deningeri (Buru honeyeater) - LC Lichmera monticola (Seram honeyeater) - LC Lichmera notabilis (black-chested honeyeater) - LC Myzomela blasii (drab myzomela) - LC Myzomela kuehni (Wetar myzomela) - NT Myzomela dammermani (Sumba myzomela) - LC Myzomela chloroptera (Sulawesi myzomela) - LC Myzomela wakoloensis (Wakolo myzomela) - LC Myzomela boiei (Banda myzomela) - LC
Acanthizidae Sericornis rufescens (Vogelkop scrubwren) - LC Gerygone hypoxantha (Biak gerygone) - EN Gerygone dorsalis (rufous-sided gerygone) - LC
Artamidae Artamus monachus (ivory-backed woodswallow) - LC
Campephagidae Coracina schistacea (slaty cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina personata (Wallacean cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina atriceps (Moluccan cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina fortis (Buru cuckooshrike) - NT Coracina temminckii (cerulean cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina bicolor (pied cuckooshrike) - NT Coracina leucopygia (white-rumped cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina parvula (Halmahera cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina abbotti (pygmy cuckooshrike) - LC Coracina dohertyi (Sumba cicadabird) - LC Coracina sula (Sula cicadabird) - LC Coracina dispar (Kai cicadabird) - NT Coracina morio (Sulawesi cicadabird) - LC Coracina ceramensis (pale cicadabird) - LC Lalage leucopygialis (white-rumped triller) - LC Lalage sueurii (white-shouldered triller) - LC Lalage aurea (rufous-bellied triller) - LC Lalage moesta (white-browed triller) - LC Pericrocotus lansbergei (Flores minivet) - LC Pericrocotus miniatus (Sunda minivet) - LC
Pachycephalidae Hylocitrea bonensis (olive-flanked whistler) - LC Coracornis raveni (maroon-backed whistler) - LC Coracornis sanghirensis (Sangihe shrikethrush) - CR