This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include: Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil) Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex) Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin) Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral)
Discontinued/withdrawn Indalpine (Upstene) Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid)
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include: Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax) Venlafaxine (Effexor, Trevilor)
Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs) Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:
None currently marketed
Discontinued/withdrawn Medifoxamine (Clédial, Gerdaxy)
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs) Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) Toludesvenlafaxine (Ruoxinlin) Nefazodone (Serzone)
Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs) Serotonin modulators and stimulators include: Vilazodone (Viibryd) Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix)
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include: Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries Trazodone (Desyrel)
Discontinued/withdrawn Etoperidone (Axiomin, Etonin)
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include: Reboxetine (Edronax) Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone) – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist Viloxazine (Qelbree, formerly Vivalan) – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
Off-label only Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Off-label only Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) – actually norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Discontinued/withdrawn Amineptine (Survector, Maneon) Nomifensine (Merital, Alival)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants include: Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin) Amoxapine (Asendin) Clomipramine (Anafranil) Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane) Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril) Dimetacrine (Istonil) Dosulepin (Prothiaden) Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan) Imipramine (Tofranil) Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil) Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun) Nitroxazepine (Sintamil) Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal) Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen) Protriptyline (Vivactil) Trimipramine (Surmontil)
Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped elsewhere.
Discontinued/withdrawn Butriptyline (Evadyne) Demexiptiline (Deparon, Tinoran) Fluacizine (Phtorazisin) Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin) Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran) Metapramine (Timaxel) Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran) Quinupramine (Kinupril, Kevopril) Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) Tetracyclic antidepressants include: Maprotiline (Ludiomil) Mianserin (Tolvon) Mirtazapine (Remeron) Setiptiline (Tecipul)
Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs).
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include Irreversible
Non-selective Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Phenelzine (Nardil) Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Discontinued/withdrawn
Benmoxin (Neuralex) Iproclozide (Sursum) Iproniazid (Marsilid) Mebanazine (Actomol) Nialamide (Niamid) Octamoxin (Ximaol) Pheniprazine (Catron) Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) Pivhydrazine (Tersavid) Safrazine (Safra)
Selective for MAO-B Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam) – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent (via metabolites)
Reversible
Non-selective Discontinued/withdrawn
Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil)
Selective for MAO-A Metralindole (Inkazan) Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix) Pirlindole (Pirazidol)
These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs).
Discontinued/withdrawn
Eprobemide (Befol) Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor) Toloxatone (Humoryl)
Mixed
Non-selective Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI
Atypical antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics include:
Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder
Others
Marketed D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe; Deprenon, Sabiben, Sabiden) – enkephalinase inhibitor Agomelatine (Valdoxan) – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) – various actions Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist Opipramol (Insidon) — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions Zuranolone (Zurzuvae) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression and major depressive disorder
Off-label only Ketamine (Ketalar) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
Discontinued/withdrawn α-Methyltryptamine [αMT] (Indopan) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), and weak RIMA Etryptamine [α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)] (Monase) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA Indeloxazine (Elen, Noin) – serotonin releasing agent (SRA), NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist Oxaflozane (Conflictan) – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist Pivagabine (Tonerg) – unknown/unclear mechanism of action
Over-the-counter The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter:
Ademetionine [S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)] (Heptral, Transmetil, Samyl) – cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis Hypericum perforatum [St. John's Wort (SJW)] (Jarsin, Kira, Movina) – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions Oxitriptan [5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)] (Cincofarm, Levothym, Triptum) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis Tryptophan (Tryptan, Optimax, Aminomine) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
Adjunctive treatments Atypical antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics include: Aripiprazole (Abilify) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression Olanzapine (Zyprexa) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression
Off-label only Risperidone (Risperdal)
Typical antipsychotics Typical antipsychotics include:
Off-label only Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)<ref name="pmid27514300"></ref>
Others Off-label only Buspirone (Buspar) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer (mechanism of action unknown/unclear) Thyroxine (T4) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist) Triiodothyronine (T3) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)
Combination products Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol) – TCA and benzodiazepine combination Amitriptyline/perphenazine (Etafron) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions Flupentixol/melitracen (Deanxit) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine (Parstelin, Parmodalin, Jatrosom N, Stelapar) – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination
See also List of investigational antidepressants
References