The Dalian dialect (, Romaji: Dairen-ben) is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken on the Liaodong Peninsula, China including the city of Dalian and parts of Dandong and Yingkou. The Dalian dialect shares many similarities with the Yantai dialect and Weihai dialect spoken on Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula), to the south of the Bohai Strait; hence each of them is a subset of Jiao Liao Mandarin. The Dalian dialect is notable among Chinese dialects for loanwords from Japanese and Russian, reflecting its history of foreign occupation.

Notable words in the Dalian dialect include ("foolish") and ("to cheat or deceive").

Phonology

Comparing with Mandarin on pronunciation Contrast of Dalianian and Mandarin on pronunciation Mandarin → Dalianian Example zh, ch, sh, r → z, c, s, y retroflexes merged with alveolars, r merged with y 中國人 zhōng guó rén → zōng guó yín d, t, n, l, z, c, s + uei, uan, uen → d, t, n, l, z, c, s + ei, an, en removal of labiovelar glide after alveolars 對 dù(e)i → dèi o and individual uo → e 胳膊 gē bo → gĕ be脫 tuō → tĕ suffix "子" → e 孩子 hái zi → hái e w+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, eng → v+a, ai, ei, an, en, ang, engwu and wo don't change 晚飯 wǎn fàn → vǎn fàn numeral "二" → àr 王二小 wáng èr xiǎo → váng àr xiǎo 瑞 → suèi崖 → ái 瑞士 rùi shì → suèi si泡崖 pào yá → pào ái n+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üe → gn+i,iang,ie,ian,iao,iu,in,ing,ü,üenu doesn't change alveolar nasal shifted to palatal before front vowels/glides 你 nǐ → gnǐ虐 nüè → gnüèother consonants+en, eng don't change 森 sēn[sən] → sēn[sɿn]

Syllables that don't exist in standard Mandarin biǎng (de) (It is actually the liaison of bì(婢) yăng(养), almost always followed by an unvoiced de(的)) -【Adjective】: literally means "raised by a maidservant";【Noun】a highly derogatory term to express despise or anger toward certain individual(s). piǎ (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Verb】to ridicule sb.

Consonants

Basic consonants b p m f v d t n l g k h j q gn x z c s

Vowels

Basic vowels a ai ao an ang o ou ong e/ê ei en eng i/y iou in ing u/w uei uen ü/yu ün m n ng

Compound vowels ia iai iao ian iang iong ie ua uai uan uang uo üan üe

Dark red color means compound vowels; ai, ei, ao, ou, an, en, in, ün, ang, ong, eng, ing are as basic vowels. are apical vowels of zi, ci, si. m, n and ng are nasal vowels of independent syllables; there are also two syllables of "hm 噷" and "hng 哼".

Erizational vowels Basic vowels ai 蓋 an 碗 (i)an 邊 (ü)an 院 i 字 ei 輩 en 根 ü 魚 a 瓦 (i)e 碟 (ü)e 月 o 窩Erizational vowels ar (ü)anr er ür a'r (i)e'r (ü)e'r or Basic vowels e 歌 u 肚 ao 包 ou 頭 ang 缸 (u)ang 光 ong 工 eng 燈Erizational vowels e'r ur ao'r ou'r angr (u)angr ongr engr "瓦兒" and "碗兒" are different; "歌兒" and "根兒" are different, vowel of "根兒" is a kind of retroflex mid-central vowel. i of "zi, ci, si" is an apical vowel. After erizing, i turns into er, such as "事兒"ser4. The rule of i, u, ü combining with the erizational vowels is the same as the rule of those combining with the basic vowels, so the tabulation of this part is omitted.

Tones + Tones of Dalianian Tone No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Not marked Dalian dialect Yinping (LowMid falling) Yangping (Middle rising) Shangsheng (Middle concave) Yinqu (HighMid falling) Zhongqu (Middle level/Low rising) Yangqu (Low falling) Qingsheng 31 24 213 52 33/13 21 -- Beijing dialect Yinping (High level) Yangping (High rising) Shangsheng (High concave) Qusheng (High falling) Qingsheng 55 35 214 51 -- In Dalianian, When Tone No.1 meets another Tone No.1 or Tone No.4 meets Tone No.1, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone doesn't change, like “家家戶戶”jia'r5-jia'r1-hur6-hur4, “駕崩”jia5-beng1.The Tone No.1 in Dalianese is a kind of falling tone, not a high level tone in Mandarin. When Tone No.1 meets Tone No.4, usually the previous tone doesn't change and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “蟋蟀”xi1-suai6 or xi3-suar, “稀碎”xi1-sei6. When Tone No.4 meets another Tone No.4, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “畢恭畢敬”bi5-gongr1-bi5-jingr6, “客客氣氣”ke'r4-ke'r-qi5-qi6.The extraordinary nature of some reiteratives and some onomatopoeias. Tone No.5 and Tone No.6 are not basic tones, but modulations.

Vocabulary Dalianian Dalianian Meaning Dalianian Meaning Dalianian Meaning Dalianian Meaning Dalianian Meaning xiĕ extremely cháo'r stupid / outdated huǐ le Oh, no! bái hu extemporaneous / to blatter zuǒ suo to waste làng coxcombry biāo foolish kē'r le can't help it guán duō'r always dè se flighty shòu'r piquant / Cool! bài don't zī shi natty gniàn yang show dissatisfaction tactfully xián hu not very gratified / to disdain gān jing Great! vā'r low level zhāngr chengr capable hǎ hu dress down bú lǎi xuán understated kāi le expressing dissatisfaction xuán le too many sá me peep gè yang disgusting cī máo'r juē dìng rude

Grammar According to the predicate structure analysis method of the British linguists Ricci, the Dalian dialect is the same as English and Mandarin - the sentence is generally composed of S+V+O, that is subject + predicate + object of the order, but there are special circumstances, such as the older generation of Dalian people will say "Jiǎ zóu ba! Jiǎ zóu ba! (家走吧!家走吧!)" instead of "Húi jiā ba! Húi jiā ba! (回家吧!回家吧!)". At this time, the sentence is not S+V+O, but S+O+V, that is, subject + object + predicate. jiā means "home". zǒu means "go". húi means "go back to". ba means a kind of mood which means "to persuade" or "to urge".

Others

Classification The dialect of Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District, Lüshunkou District and Wafangdian City of Dalian belongs to Da-Wa Subarea; The dialect of Jinzhou District, Pulandian District, Zhuanghe City and Changhai County of Dalian belongs to Chang-Zhuang Subarea.

Distribution Peninsulas: Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula. Borders: Yalu River, Ussuri River.

References