Russia has a high-income mixed economy with state ownership in strategic areas of the economy. Market reforms in the 1990s privatized much of Russian industry and agriculture, with notable exceptions to this privatization occurring in the energy and defense-related sectors.
Russia's vast geography is an important determinant of its economic activity, with some sources estimating that Russia contains over 30 percent of the world's natural resources. The World Bank estimates the total value of Russia's natural resources at US$75 trillion. Russia relies on energy revenues to drive most of its growth. Russia has an abundance of petroleum, natural gas and precious metals, which make up a major share of Russia's exports. the oil-and-gas sector accounted for 16% of the GDP, 52% of federal budget revenues and over 70% of total exports.
Largest firms
Rank Name Industry Revenue(USD billions) Headquarters Ref(s) 1 Gazprom Oil and gas St Petersburg 2 Lukoil Oil and gas Moscow 3 Rosneft Oil and gas Moscow 4 Sberbank Finance Moscow 5 Russian Railways Transport Moscow — Rostec Investments Moscow 6 VTB Bank Finance Moscow 7 X5 Group Trade Moscow 8 Surgutneftegas Oil and gas Surgut 9 Magnit Trade Krasnodar 10 Rosseti Power engineering Moscow 11 Inter RAO Power engineering Moscow 12 Transneft Oil and gas Moscow 13 Rosatom Atomic industry Moscow — Sistema Investments Moscow 14 Tatneft Oil and gas Almetyevsk 15 Distribution Moscow 16 Gazprombank Finance Moscow 17 Evraz Metals and mining Moscow 18 Novolipetsk Steel Metals and mining Moscow 19 Novatek Oil and gas Moscow 20 Sibur Chemistry and petrochemistry 9.99 Moscow21 Rusal Metals and mining Moscow22 Norilsk Nickel Metals and mining Moscow23Aeroflot Transport Moscow24 Severstal Metals and mining Cherepovets25 United Aircraft Corporation Defense and machine building Moscow 26 Mobile TeleSystems Telecommunications Moscow 27 Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works Metals and mining Magnitogorsk 28 Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company Metals and mining Verkhnyaya Pyshma 29 RusHydro Power engineering Moscow 30 MegaFon Telecommunications Moscow 31 Lenta Trade St. Petersburg 32 Metalloinvest Metals and mining Moscow 33 Stroygazmontazh Construction of infrastructure Moscow 34 T Plus Power engineering Krasnogorsk 35 VimpelCom Telecommunications Moscow 36 SUEK Metals and mining Moscow 37 United Shipbuilding Corporation Defense and machine building Moscow 38 Sakhalin Energy Oil and gas Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 39 Rostelecom Telecommunications Moscow 40 Alfa-Bank Finance Moscow 41 Otkritie Holding Finance Moscow 42 Mechel Metals and mining Moscow 43 Vnesheconombank Finance Moscow — Auchan Russia Trade France — Japan Tobacco International Russia Alcohol and tobacco Japan 44 EuroChem Chemistry and petrochemistry Moscow 45 DIXY Trade Moscow — Philip Morris Sales and Marketing Russia Alcohol and tobacco United States 46 Alrosa Metals and mining Moscow 47 Rosselkhozbank Finance Moscow 48 Protek Pharmaceuticals Moscow 49 OAO TMK Metals and mining Moscow 50 Russian Helicopters Defense and machine building Moscow 51 Power engineering Moscow 52 Pharmaceuticals Khimki 53 Slavneft Oil and gas Moscow 54 United Engine Corporation Defense and machine building Moscow — Metro Cash & Carry Russia Trade Germany — Leroy Merlin Russia Trade France 55 AvtoVAZ Cars Tolyatti 56 Oil and gas Moscow 57 Merlion Distribution Krasnogorsk 58 Avtotor Cars Moscow 59 Tactical Missiles Corporation Defense and machine building Korolyov 60 Red&White Trade Chelyabinsk 61 Mostotrest Construction of infrastructure Moscow — MUMT (British American Tobacco) Alcohol and tobacco United Kingdom 62 M.video Trade Moscow 63 Trade Vladivostok 64 PhosAgro Chemistry and petrochemistry Moscow 65 Rolf Group Cars Moscow 66 Trade Moscow 67 Independent Oil and Gas Company Oil and gas Moscow 68 PIK Group Development and construction Moscow 69 Power engineering Moscow 70 Russian Post Postal services Moscow 71 Nizhnekamskneftekhim Chemistry and petrochemistry Nizhnekamsk 72 Power engineering Moscow 73 Metals and mining Moscow 74 GAZ Group Cars Nizhny Novgorod 75 Tashir Development and construction Moscow 76 Distribution Moscow 77 Information Technology Moscow 78 Uralkali Chemistry and petrochemistry Moscow 79 Oil and gas Nizhnekamsk 80 Polyus Metals and mining Moscow 81 United Company Eurobusiness Euroset Trade Moscow 82 Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant Metals and mining Chelyabinsk 83 Sodrugestvo Agriculture and Food Svetly 84 SOGAZ Finance Moscow 85 KamAZ Cars Naberezhnye Chelny 86 Transmashholding Defense and machine building Moscow 87 StroyTransNefteGaz (formerly Stroytransgaz) Construction of infrastructure St. Petersburg 88 Pharmaceuticals Khimki 89 Zarubezhneft Oil and gas Moscow 90 Arktikgaz Oil and gas Novy Urengoy 91 Tomskneft Oil and gas Strezhevoy 92 UCL Holding Transport Moscow 93 Credit Bank of Moscow Finance Moscow 94 LSR Group Development and construction St. Petersburg 95 Development and construction Moscow 96 Cars Moscow 97 ForteInvest Oil and gas Moscow 98 Irkutsk Oil Company Oil and gas Irkutsk 99 Uralvagonzavod Defense and machine building Nizhny Tagil 100 RussNeft Oil and gas Moscow
Notable firms This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.