The United States's Mandrel nuclear test series was a group of 52 nuclear tests conducted in 1969–1970. These tests followed the Operation Bowline series and preceded the Operation Emery series.
+ United States' Mandrel series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database. LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes Ildrim 13:02:30.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2au – underground shaft,weapons development
Hutch 14:55:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2df – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Spider - 1 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bp1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Spider - 2 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bp2 – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Horehound 13:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gm – underground shaft,weapons development
Pliers 13:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gn – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Rulison 21:00:00.01 MST (–7 hrs) near Parachute, Colorado – underground shaft,peaceful research
Venting detected off site
Plowshare – gas stimulation experiment. Minute Steak 18:02:20.42 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U11f – underground shaft,weapon effect
Venting detected on site,
Jorum 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20e - – underground shaft,weapons development
Kyack - 1 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bq1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Kyack - 2 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bq2 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Seaweed - 1 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hk3 – underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Seaweed - 2 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hkf – underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Seaweed - 3 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hkc + underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Milrow 22:06:00.04 BST (–11 hrs) Amchitka Island, Alaska – underground shaft,weapons development
Calibration for Grommet Cannikin test. Was initially named "Ganja", until someone in the DoE got wise to it. Pipkin 14:30:00.14 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20b – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Seaweed B 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hkd – underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site,
Cruet 19:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2cn – underground shaft,weapons development
Pod - 1 20:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ch – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Pod - 2 20:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ci + underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Pod - 3 20:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dj + underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Pod - 4 20:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ck – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Calabash 22:01:51.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2av – underground shaft,weapons development
Scuttle 15:15:00.13 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bh – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Piccalilli 14:52:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fc – underground shaft,weapons development
Planer 14:52:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3ei – underground shaft,weapons development
Diesel Train 17:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12e.11 – tunnel,weapon effect
Culantro - 1 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hia – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Culantro - 2 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hib + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Tun - 1 15:30:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10am1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Tun - 2 15:30:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10am2 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Tun - 3 15:30:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10am3 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Tun - 4 15:30:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10am4 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Simultaneous, separate holes. Grape A 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7s – underground shaft,weapons development
Lovage 15:15:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fe – underground shaft,weapons development
Terrine-White - 1 19:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9bi1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Terrine-Yellow - 2 19:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9bi2 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected
Simultaneous, separate holes. Fob-Blue - 3 16:30:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9iy27 + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Fob-Green - 1 16:30:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9iv27 – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Fob-Red - 2 16:30:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9iv24 + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Ajo 17:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gd – underground shaft,weapons development
Belen 17:00:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3br – underground shaft,weapons development
Grape B 17:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7v – underground shaft,weapons development
Labis 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10an – underground shaft,weapons development
Diana Mist 19:15:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12n.06 – tunnel,weapon effect
Cumarin 14:28:38.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gz – underground shaft,weapons development
Yannigan-Blue - 2 15:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ay3 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected
Simultaneous, separate holes. Yannigan-Red - 1 15:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ay1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Yannigan-White - 3 15:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2ay2 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected
Simultaneous, separate holes. Cyathus 14:24:00.94 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U8b – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected, less than
Arabis-Blue - 3 15:00:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsz26 + underground shaft,safety experiment
Simultaneous, separate holes. Arabis-Green - 2 15:00:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsx28 + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Arabis-Red - 1 15:00:00.21 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsv26 – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Jal 14:03:30.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hh – underground shaft,weapons development
Shaper 23:05:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7r – underground shaft,weapons development
Handley 19:00:00.2 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20m – underground shaft,weapons development
Snubber 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3ev2s – underground shaft,weapon effect
Venting detected off site,
Can-Green - 1 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dd1 – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Can-Red - 2 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dd4 + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Beebalm 14:13:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fn – underground shaft,weapons development
Hod-C (Blue) - 3 14:25:00.0 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9iz25 + underground shaft,safety experiment
Hod-A (Green) - 1 14:40:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsx23 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Simultaneous, separate holes. Hod-B (Red) - 2 14:40:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsx20 – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected
Mint Leaf 15:30:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12t.01 – tunnel,weapon effect
Venting detected off site,
Diamond Dust 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U16a.05 – tunnel,joint verification
Venting detected,
Designed to test detection of underground nuclear tests; see Vela Uniform. Cornice-Green - 2 13:30:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10ap3 + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, separate holes. Cornice-Yellow - 1 13:30:00.17