The United States's Bowline nuclear test series was a group of 47 nuclear tests conducted in 1968–1969. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". followed the Operation Crosstie series and preceded the Operation Mandrel series.
+ United States' Bowline series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database. LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes Spud 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fy – underground shaft,weapons development
Tanya 13:00:00.0 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dt – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Imp 13:00:00.0 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bj – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Rack 17:00:00.0 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9ap – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Diana Moon 16:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U11e – underground shaft,weapon effect
Venting detected on site,
Sled 22:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U19j – underground shaft,weapons development
Noggin 14:00:00.13 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9bx – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Knife-A 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fb – underground shaft,weapons development
Stoddard 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2cms – underground shaft,peaceful research
Venting detected,
Project Plowshare – clean excavation device development. Hudson Seal 17:05:01.09 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12n.04 – tunnel,weapon effect
Welder 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fs – underground shaft,safety experiment
Knife-C 14:29:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3er – underground shaft,weapons development
Vat 14:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9cf – underground shaft,weapons development
Hula 15:36:00.09 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9bu – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Bit - 1 18:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gt – underground shaft,safety experiment
simultaneous, separate holes. Bit - 2 18:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gt + underground shaft,safety experiment
simultaneous, separate holes. File 18:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gb – underground shaft,weapons development
Crew - 1 15:15:00.09 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2db – underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, same hole. Crew - 2 15:16:00.09 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2db + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, same hole. Crew - 3 15:16:00.09 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2db + underground shaft,weapons development
Simultaneous, same hole. Auger 15:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3fx – underground shaft,weapons development
Knife-B 15:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3dz – underground shaft,weapons development
Ming Vase 18:00:00.03 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U16a.04 – tunnel,weapon effect
Tinderbox 16:19:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9az – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Schooner 16:00:00.14 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20u – cratering,peaceful research
Venting detected off site,
Plowshare – excavation experiment in hard, dry rock. Bay Leaf 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gq – underground shaft,safety experiment
simultaneous, separate holes. Tyg - 1 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc1e – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Tyg - 2 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc2d – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Tyg - 3 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc3c – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Tyg - 4 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc4a + underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Tyg - 5 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc5b + underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Tyg - 6 15:10:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dc6f + underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Scissors 15:20:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gh – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Benham 16:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20c - – underground shaft,weapons development
Packard 19:00:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2u – underground shaft,weapon effect
Venting detected on site,
Wineskin 19:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12r – underground shaft,weapons development
Shave 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gk – underground shaft,weapons development
Vise 15:00:00.038 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3ej – underground shaft,weapons development
Biggin 15:17:00.12 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9bz – underground shaft,weapons development
Nipper 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gl – underground shaft,weapons development
Winch 15:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gf – underground shaft,weapons development
Cypress 16:18:20.88 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12g.09 – tunnel,weapon effect
Valise 14:30:00.12 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9by – underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected
Chatty 14:40:00.43 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bn – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Barsac 18:12:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gc – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site,
Coffer 14:30:00.41 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2de – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected,
Gourd-Amber - 1 13:04:00.14 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bf – underground shaft,weapons development
simultaneous, separate holes. Gourd-Brown - 2 13:04:00.14 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bl + underground shaft,weapons development
simultaneous, separate holes. Blenton 17:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7p – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Thistle 17:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7t – underground shaft,weapons development
Purse 13:45:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U20v – underground shaft,weapons development
Aliment 18:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2gj – underground shaft,weapons development
Ipecac - 1 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hka – underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site
simultaneous, separate holes. Ipecac - 2 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hkb + underground shaft,safety experiment
Venting detected on site
simultaneous, separate holes. Torrido 14:15:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7w – underground shaft,weapons development
Tapper 14:00:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3go – underground shaft,weapons development
Venting detected on site
Bowl - 1 16:00:00.13 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bo1 – underground shaft,weapons development
simultaneous, separate holes. Bowl - 2 16:00:00.13 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bo2 + underground shaft,weapons development
simultaneous, separate holes.
References