Pelikán (Czech and Slovak feminine: Pelikánová) and Pelikan is a surname. It means 'pelican' in various languages, including Czech and German, in which the surname appears most often. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Pelikan (1893–1987), German-American painter and educator Boris Pelikan (1861–1931), Ukrainian politician Emilie Mediz-Pelikan (1861–1908), Austrian landscape painter Franz Pelikan (1925–1994), Austrian footballer János Pelikán (born 1995), Hungarian cyclist Jaroslav Pelikan (1923–2006), American Christian scholar Jiří Pelikán (chess player) (1906–1984), Czech-Argentine chess master Jiří Pelikán (politician) (1923–1999), Czech journalist and politician Lisa Pelikan (born 1964), French actress Radka Pelikánová (born 1977), Czech tennis player Robert Pelikán (born 1979), Czech lawyer Wilhelm Pelikan (1893–1981), German-Austrian chemist, anthroposophist and pharmacist
See also Konrad Pellikan (1478–1556), German teacher and author