Events from the year 1965 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents Monarch – Elizabeth II Prime Minister – Harold Wilson (Labour)
Events 1 January – Introduction of the new "Worboys Committee" road signs. 7 January – Identical twin brothers Ronnie and Reggie Kray, 31, are arrested on suspicion of running a protection racket in London, although acquitted on 6 April. 14 January – The Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. 15 January – Sir Winston Churchill is reported to be seriously ill after suffering a stroke. 24 January – Sir Winston Churchill dies aged 90 at his home, 28 Hyde Park Gate in London. 30 January – Thousands attend Winston Churchill's state funeral in London. During the three days of lying-in-state, 321,000 people have filed past the catafalque in Westminster Hall and the funeral procession travels from here to the service at St Paul's Cathedral, attended by Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and representatives of 112 countries. He is buried privately at Bladon near his family's ancestral home in Oxfordshire. 31 January – National Health Service prescription charges end. 1 February – The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh arrive in Ethiopia on a state visit. 4 February – Confederation of British Industry founded. 6 February – Stanley Matthews plays his final First Division game, at the record age of 50 years and 5 days. He became the first footballer to be awarded a knighthood in the New Year's honours list. 12 February – Civil rights leader Malcolm X visits Smethwick in Birmingham, UK, following the racially charged 1964 general election campaign here. 16 February – The British Railways Board (chairman: Richard Beeching) publishes The Development of the Major Trunk Routes proposing which lines should receive investment (and, by implication, which should not). 18 February – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom. 3 March – The remains of Roger Casement, from Pentonville Prison, are reburied in Dublin. 7 March – Debut of the BBC Radio comedy series Round the Horne, hosted by Kenneth Horne. The fourth programme (28 March) introduces the camp pair Julian and Sandy (played by Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams) who will go on to introduce the gay and theatrical cant Polari to a regular audience which builds to 15 million. 11 March – Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured after thirteen days of freedom. 19 March – A record price of 760,000 guineas is paid at Christie's London auction house for Rembrandt's painting Titus. 23 March – Dr. Dorothy Hodgkin is appointed a member of the Order of Merit. 27 March – PizzaExpress opens its first restaurant in London. 28 March – The Queen's aunt, Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, dies of a heart attack at Harewood House aged 67. The United Kingdom will not have another Princess Royal until 1987. 1 April The Greater London Council comes into its powers, replacing the London County Council and greatly expanding the metropolitan area of the city. Finance Act introduces corporation tax, replacing income tax for corporate institutions. 6 April – The Government publicly announces cancellation of the BAC TSR-2 nuclear bomber aircraft project. The prototype broke the sound barrier on 22 February. 14 April – British United Airways Flight 1030X crashes on the island of Jersey; 23 people are killed, including all the passengers, and only one crew member survives. 23 April – The Pennine Way long-distance footpath officially opens. 26 April – Manchester United win the Football League First Division title. 1 May – Liverpool win the FA Cup for the first time in their history, beating Leeds United 2–1 at Wembley Stadium. Roger Hunt and Ian St John score for Liverpool, while Billy Bremner scores the consolation goal for Leeds. 3 May – Asda is formed and opens its first supermarket in Castleford, Yorkshire. 7 May – The Rhodesian Front under Prime Minister Ian Smith wins a landslide election victory in Rhodesia from the white minority electorate. 11 May – The National Trust officially launches its long-term Enterprise Neptune project to acquire or put under covenant a substantial part of the Welsh, English and Northern Irish coastline. Whiteford Burrows on the Gower Peninsula is considered the first property to be acquired under the campaign although its purchase was announced on 1 January. 13 May – The Conservatives make big gains at the UK local government elections. 17 May – An underground explosion at Cambrian Colliery in Clydach Vale kills 31. 18 May – The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh begin a 10-day state visit to the Federal German Republic. 19 May – West Ham become the second British club to win a European trophy, defeating West German team 1860 Munich 2–0 at Wembley Stadium. May – The first UK branch of the KFC fast food restaurant chain opens in Preston, Lancashire. 3 June – The bank rate is reduced to 6 per cent. 14 June – Paul McCartney of The Beatles records the song "Yesterday" at Abbey Road Studios in London. 17 June – London premiere of Frank Marcus' farce The Killing of Sister George (at the Duke of York's Theatre), one of the first mainstream British plays with lesbian characters. Beryl Reid plays the title role. The play previewed in April at the Bristol Old Vic. 18 June – The government announces plans for the introduction of a blood alcohol limit for drivers in its clampdown on drink driving. 22 June – The 700th anniversary of Parliament is celebrated. 26 June – Fictional characters Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright return to contemporary Earth after travelling with The Doctor (Doctor Who). June – The Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) is first examined as a school-leaving qualification in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. 6 July – 1965 Little Baldon Hastings accident: A Royal Air Force Handley Page Hastings crashes at Little Baldon, Oxfordshire, just after takeoff from RAF Abingdon on a parachute training exercise, killing all 41 men on board. 8 July – Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs escapes from Wandsworth Prison. 12 July – The Secretary of State for Education and Science, Tony Crosland, issues Circular 10/65 requesting local authorities to convert their schools to the Comprehensive system. 22 July – Sir Alec Douglas-Home suddenly resigns as Leader of the Conservative Party. 24 July – Freddie Mills, former British boxing champion, is found shot in his car in Soho, dying the next day. 26 July – The Maldives become independent from the United Kingdom 27 July – Edward Heath becomes Leader of the Conservative Party following its first leadership election by secret ballot. 29 July – The Beatles film Help! makes its debut in London. 1 August Cigarette advertising is banned from British television. Radio and television licence fees are increased. 3 August – "The Queen's Award to Industry" for export and technological advancements is created. 5 August – The Redundancy Payments Act gives statutory rights to redundancy payments. 6 August Elizabeth Lane appointed as the first female High Court judge, assigned to the Family Division. Peter Watkins' The War Game, a television docudrama depicting the aftermath of a nuclear attack on the UK, is pulled from its planned transmission as BBC1's The Wednesday Play for political reasons. It will go on to win the 1966 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. It will eventually be broadcast twenty years later. 20 August – The Rolling Stones' "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" is released in the UK. 21 August – Charlton Athletic F.C. player Keith Peacock becomes the first substitute to appear in a Football League match (for an injured player). 2 September – Sir Harry Hylton-Foster, Speaker of the House of Commons, dies in office. 16 September – UK release of the film Darling starring Julie Christie. 21 September – BP's oil platform Sea Gem strikes natural gas in the North Sea oil field. 24 September – The British governor of Aden cancels the Aden constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation. 30 September – The first episode of ATV 'Supermarionation' series Thunderbirds airs. 7 October – Ian Brady, a 27-year-old stock clerk from Hyde in Cheshire, is charged with the murder of 17-year-old apprentice electrician Edward Evans at a house on the Hattersley overspill housing estate last night. 8 October – The Post Office Tower opens in London. 15 October – 150 police officers are drafted in to search Saddleworth Moor for the bodies of up to 11 missing people, mostly children or teenagers, who are believed to be buried there. The suspect in the murders is Ian Brady, charged with the murder of 17-year-old Edward Evans eight days ago. His 23-year-old girlfriend Myra Hindley has also since been charged with the murder, having been arrested on 11 October. 16 October – Police find a girl's body on Saddleworth Moor, identified the following day as that of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, who disappeared on Boxing Day last year from a fairground in the Ancoats area of Manchester. 18 October – The Magic Roundabout makes its debut on BBC One at 5:50pm. 20 October – It is reported in the regional and national media that suspected mass murderer Ian Brady tortured his victims and tape-recorded the attacks on them. Detectives in Brady's native Scotland are also reportedly investigating the disappearance of 12-year-old Moira Anderson in Lanarkshire eight years ago as a possible link to Brady. 21 October – Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are charged with the murder of Lesley Ann Downey and remanded in custody. 22 October – African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent Rhodesia from declaring unilateral independence. 24 October Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Arthur Bottomley travel to Rhodesia for negotiations. Police find the decomposed body of a boy buried on Saddleworth Moor. The body is identified as that of 12-year-old John Kilbride, who disappeared from Ashton-under-Lyne in November 1963. 26 October – Horace King is appointed as the new Speaker of the House of Commons, the first member of the Labour Party to hold that position. 27 October – British European Airways Vickers Vanguard crash: a Vickers Vanguard of BEA crashes while landing at Heathrow Airport, and all 36 people on board are killed. 29 October – Moors murders: Ian Brady and Myra Hindley appear in court, charged with the murders of Edward Evans (17), Lesley Ann Downey (10), and John Kilbride (12) from Manchester. 31 October – The police search of Saddleworth Moor concludes after 16 days, although media reports suggest that police suspect that bodies may be buried there. Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are expected to be tried for three murders next Spring. October – Corgi Toys introduce the all time best-selling model car, James Bond's Aston Martin DB5 from the film Goldfinger. 1 November – The uncompleted Ferrybridge C electricity generating station cooling towers in West Yorkshire collapse in high winds. 5 November – Martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The UN General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82–9. 8 November The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act suspends capital punishment for murder in England, Scotland and Wales, for five years in the first instance, replacing it with a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment. Anyone sentenced to life imprisonment is liable to be imprisoned for the rest of his or her natural life, but can be paroled on life licence by the Home Secretary if deemed safe by the Parole Board. The Race Relations Act makes it a civil offence to discriminate in serving people in "places of public resort" on the grounds of colour, race, ethnicity or nationality and creates the offence of "incitement to racial hatred" (Act does not apply in Northern Ireland).