List of electoral systems by country

This is a list of electoral systems by country in alphabetical order. An electoral system is used to elect national legislatures and heads of state.

Maps

Electoral systems by country Countries

CountryBody or officeType of body or officeElectoral systemNotesAfghanistanCurrently no national elections are heldAlbania President Head of State Elected by the Parliament Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Algeria President Head of State Two-round system Council of the Nation Upper chamber of legislature Indirectly elected (2/3) Appointed by the President (1/3) People's National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Andorra Co-Princes Head of State Two-round system (French Prince) Appointed by the Pope (Episcopal Prince) General Council Unicameral legislature Mixed-member majoritarian representation: Party-list proportional representation (14 seats) Party block voting (14 seats) Angola President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Antigua and Barbuda King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Argentina President Head of State and Government Two-round system 45% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round Senate Upper chamber of legislature Limited voting 2 seats to most voted party, 1 seat to second most voted party Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Armenia President Head of State Appointed by the National Assembly National Assembly Unicameral legislature Two-round party-list proportional representation with majority/minority jackpot If no party gets a majority a runoff will be held between the two most voted partiesAustralia King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Single transferable vote House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Instant-runoff voting Austria President Head of State Two-round system Federal Council Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by federal states' legislatures National Council Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Azerbaijan President Head of State First-past-the-post National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post Bahamas King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Bahrain King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Consultative Council Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the King Council of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system Bangladesh President Head of State Elected by the Jatiya Sangsad Jatiya Sangsad Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post (300 seats) Reserved for women (50 seats) Barbados President Head of State Elected by the Parliament Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the President House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Belarus President Head of State and Government Two-round system Council of Republic Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional councils House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Belgium King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional parliaments (50 seats) Elected by the Senate (10 seats) Chamber of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Belize King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Benin President Head of State and Government Two-round system National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Bhutan King Head of State Hereditary monarchy National Council Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post (20 seats) Appointed by the King (5 seats) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system Bolivia President Head of State and Government Two-round system 50% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round Chamber of Senators Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member proportional representation 7 seats are reserved indigenous seats elected by the usos y costumbres.Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Heads of State First-past-the-post House of Peoples Upper chamber of legislature Elected by entities legislatures House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Botswana President Head of State and Government Elected by the National Assembly National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post Brazil President Head of State and Government Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Staggered terms 54 members elected by Plurality block voting (two-seat contests) 27 members elected by First-past-the-post Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation BruneiCurrently no national elections are heldBulgaria President Head of State Two-round system National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Burkina FasoCurrently no national elections are heldBurundi President Head of State and Government Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by communal councilors (36 seats) Appointed by the National Electoral Commission for the Twa (3 seats) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Cambodia King Head of State Elective monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by commune councillors (58 sets) Appointed by the King (2 seats) Appointed by the National Assembly (2 seats) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Cameroon President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by municipal councils (70 seats) Appointed by the President (30 seats) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post (58 seats) Party-list proportional representation with a conditional majority jackpot (122 seats) A party receiving over 50% of the vote in a constituency wins all the seats, if no party get over 50% of the vote, the most voted party is wins half the seats.Canada King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor General House of Commons Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Cape Verde President Head of State Two-round system National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Central African Republic President Head of State and Government Two-round system National Assembly Unicameral legislature Two-round system Chad President Head of State Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial and communal councils (2/3) Appointed by the President (1/3) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member majoritarian representation: First-past-the-post (83 seats) Party-list proportional representation with majority jackpot system (105 seats) A party receiving over 50% of the vote in a constituency wins all the seats; if no party wins over 50% of the vote, seats are allocated proportionally.Chile President Head of State and Government Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation ChinaCurrently no national elections are heldColombia President Head of State and Government Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Chamber of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation Comoros President Head of State and Government Two-round system Assembly of the Union Unicameral legislature Two-round system Democratic Republic of the Congo President Head of State First-past-the-post Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial parliaments (108 seats) Senator for life (variable seats) National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation (436 seats) First-past-the-post (64 seats) Republic of the Congo President Head of State Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional councils National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system Cook Islands King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Parliament Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post Costa Rica President Head of State and Government Two-round system 40% of the vote to win in the first round Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Croatia President Head of State Two-round system Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Cuba President Head of State Elected by the National Assembly National Assembly of People's Power Unicameral legislature Two-round system Cyprus President Head of State and Government Two-round system House of Representatives Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Czech Republic President Head of State Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature Two-round system Chamber of Deputies Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Denmark King Head of State Hereditary monarchy Folketing Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation 40 levelling seats allocated based on overall party vote shares.Djibouti President Head of State and Government Two-round system National Assembly Unicameral legislature Majority jackpot system with limited party-list proportional representation 80% of seats to the most voted partyDominica President Head of State Elected by the House of Assembly House of Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post (21 seats) Elected by the Assembly or appointed by the President (9 seats) Attorney General (1 seat) Speaker (1 seat) Dominican Republic President Head of State and Government Two-round system Senate Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation East Timor President Head of State Two-round system Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Ecuador President Head of State and Government Two-round system 50% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate to win in first round National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Egypt President Head of State Two-round system House of Representatives Unicameral legislature Mixed-member majoritarian representation: Two-round system (284 seats) Party-list proportional representation (284 seats) Appointed by the President (28 seats) El Salvador President Head of State and Government Two-round system Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Equatorial Guinea President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation (55 seats) Appointed by the President (15 seats) Chamber of People's Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation EritreaCurrently no national elections are heldEstonia President Head of State Elected by the Riigikogu Riigikogu Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation Eswatini Ngwenyama Head of State Hereditary monarchy Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Ngwenyama (20 seats)