A mobile network operator, also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communication services.

The main mobile network operators in Europe are listed below.

Albania

Albania as per has 2.98 million subscribers, of whom 2.44 million are active users (101% penetration rate) (Q1 2026).

Active users are considered those who have communicated in the last three months. The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.

In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile, 80.27%, to a network merger in 2023.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 One Albania• Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network.900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE 1800/3400/3500 MHz 5G NR 1.588 (Q1 2026)4iG2760127603 2 Vodafone Albania900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 3600/3700 MHz 5G NR 1.397 (Q1 2026) Vodafone Group plc27602

Andorra

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers or about 113.63% mobile penetration.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 Andorra Telecom (formerly Servei de Telecomunicacions d'Andorra) 900/1800 MHz GPRS 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE-LTE-AVoLTE3500 MHz - 5G NR 0.088 (2021) Government of Andorra21303

Armenia

Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 Viva GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFiLTE-1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE) 2.2 (Q1 2022) Viva Armenia Fedilco Group Limited (Zhe Zhang (75%) and Konstantin Sokolov (25%)) (80%) and Government of Armenia (20%)28305 2 Team GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)LTE-LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz) 1.0 (Q2 2024) Telecom Armenia CJSC28301 3 Ucom GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) UMTS, HSDPA LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE), 5G 0.7 (Q3 2025) Ucom28310

Austria

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers, or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 Magenta Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, max.mobil) GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR 6.605 (Q1 2026) Deutsche Telekom AG23203 2 A1 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR 5.185 (including yesss!) (Q4 2025) A1 Group (América Móvil (61,0%), ÖBAG (28.4%), institutional and others (7.5%), retail (3.1%)).23201 3 Drei• Includes the previous Orange network. GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) (roams on Magenta Telekom's GSM network when needed) 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR 2.810 (Q4 2025) CK Hutchison Holdings23205

Azerbaijan

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate. In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate. Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 Azercell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE 4.417 (April 2013) AzInTelecom (state-owned company)40001 2 Bakcell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTEBakcell 4G FAQ 3.4 Neqsol Holding40002 3 Nar GSM 1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE 2.1 (March 2014) Azerfon LLC40004 4 Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE CDMA 800   Nakhtel LLC40006

Belarus

Belarus has 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 MTS GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE 5.6 (Q2 2025) Beltelecom (51%) MTS (49%)25702 2 A1(formerly velcom) GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 4.959 (Q3 2024)A1 Group25701 3 Life GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1.5 (Q2 2024) Turkcell25704

Belgium

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate (Q4 2014).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Proximus (formerly Belgacom) 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 5.095 (Q4 2024) Proximus Group N.V./S.A.(Government of Belgium 53.51%) 20601 2 Orange (formerly Mobistar, OBE) 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 3.467 (Q4 2024) Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%) 20610 3 Base/Telenet 900/1800 GSM (EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi 2.679 (Q2 2024) Telenet Group N.V./S.A.(Ziggo Group) 20620 4 DIGI Roaming on Proximus LTE/LTE-A Network 700/900/1800/2100/2600/3600 MHz 5G NRVoLTE 0.052 (Q2'2025) 51% CityMesh, (subsidiary of Cegeka Groep N.V.) 49% Digi Communications N.V. 20612

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total, or a penetration rate.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers in million OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 BH Telecom(formerly GSM-BIH) GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (3G shutdown: starting from March 2026)1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, eSIM 1.577 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%) 21890 2 m:tel(formerly MOBI'S) GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, eSIM (postpaid only) 1.273 (Q2 2023) Telekom Srbija (65%)21805 3 HT ERONET(formerly HTmobile) GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, eSIM 0.834 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.57%)21803

Bulgaria

Bulgaria has 7,978,611 subscribers in total, or a 123.9% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2024.

The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers (in millions)Coverage OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 A1 (formerly Mtel, Mobiltel)GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM700/3600 MHz 5G NR 3.945 (FY 2025)LinkA1 Group28401 2 Vivacom (formerly Vivatel)GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-AVoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM1800/3600 MHz 5G NR 3.354 (Q4 2023)Link United Group28403 3 Yettel (formerly Telenor, Globul)GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR 3.2 (FY 2025)Linke& PPF Telecom Group 28405

Croatia

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (Q4 2019)

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 Hrvatski Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET) GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 3G shutdown: end of 2024 LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (postpaid only)2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR 2.517 (Q1 2026) Deutsche Telekom AG (53,8%) 21901 2 A1 (formerly vip) GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE (postpaid only), eSIM (postpaid only)700/3600 MHz - 5G NR 1.990 (Q3 2021) A1 Group21910 3 Telemach(formerly Tele2) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only) 1.00 (Q3 2021) United Group21902

Cyprus

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus) (Q4 2022).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC Mobile network operators in Cyprus (excludes Northern Cyprus) 1 Cyta 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR 0.710 (Q4 2022) Cyta (Government of Cyprus)28001 2 Epic (formerly MTN, Areeba) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR 0.399 (Q2 2025) Monaco Telecom SAM28010 3 PrimeTel(formerly as MVNO on Epic) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+900/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (RAN sharing with Epic & roaming on Epic or Cyta when needed) 0.150 (Q4 2022) PrimeTel PLC(Signal Capital Partners 100%)28020 4 Cablenet(formerly Lemontel, as MVNO on Cyta) 800/2600/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR eSIM (RAN sharing & roaming with Cyta when needed) 0.093 (Q4 2022) Cablenet Communications Systems PLC(GO Malta 63.4%)28022 Mobile network operators operating only in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 1 Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) 0.576 (Q2 2023)Turkcell A.Ş.28601 2 Telsim Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) 0.382 (Q2 2023)Vodafone Turkey A.Ş.28602

Czech Republic The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019).

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 T-Mobile (formerly Paegas) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 6.632 (Q1 2026) Deutsche Telekom AG23001 2 O2 (formerly Eurotel, Český Telecom) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100 (Prague Metro only) /3500 MHz 5G NR 5.987 (Q2 2021) PPF23002 3 Vodafone (formerly Oskar) GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 4.180 (Q1 2027) Vodafone Group plc23003

Denmark

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate (Q1 2014)

In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen, it's telecommunications regulator.

Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions:

Finansministeriet Forsvarsministeriet Erhvervsministeriet

Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) OwnershipMCC / MNC 1 TDC GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/2600 MHz LTEVoLTE3500 MHz - 5G NR 3.895 (Q4 2025) Macquarie Group and Danish pension funds (PFA, PKA, ATP)23801 2 Norlys (formerly Telia) 900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE)900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTEVoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR (shares network with Telenor) ~1.9 (Q4 2024) Norlys a.m.b.a.23820 3 Telenor (formerly Sonofon) 900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTEVoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR