The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and other languages in parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time. In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdańsk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.

U English name Other names or former namesÜberlingen Iberlingen - Иберлинген (Russian, Serbian), Jibrovice (Czech), Überlingen (German, Romanian), Yübólíngēn - 于柏林根/與柏林根 (Mandarin)Udine Baidn (Sappada and Sauris Bavarian German), Bain (Timau Bavarian German), Udin (Friulian*), Ùdin (Piedmontese*), Udine (Bosnian, Croatian*, Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Hungarian*, Italian*, Lombard*, Romanian*), Udine - (Bulgarian*, Russian*, Serbian*), Udine – უდინე (Georgian*), Udine - (Ukrainian*), Udine - (Belarusian*), Udine - (Korean*), Údine (Portuguese*, Spanish*, Venetian*), Ūdine - (Japanese*), Udīne (Latvian*), Udinė (Lithuanian*), Ūdīneh - (Persian*), ʼŪdīniyy - (Arabic*), Udinum (Latin),J. G. Th. Graesse, Orbis Latinus (Dresden: Schönfeld, 1861; 1909. Brunswick, 1972) Ed. 1861 Ed. 1909 Ed. 1972 Utina (Latin), Utinensis (Latin), Utinum (Latin*), Vedinum (Latin), Vidan (historical Slovene), Videm (Czech, Slovene*), Weiden (historic German), Weiden in Friaul (historic German*), Wūdínèi - 乌迪内/ (Mandarin*)Ukmergė Vilkmergė (Lithuanian, until 1918), Wiłkomierz (Polish), Вількамір (historical Belarusian), Вількомир (historical Ukrainian)Ulcinj Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Slovene), Ulciň (Czech, Slovak), Ulqin (Albanian), Ulcinium or Olcinium (Latin), Ülgün (Turkish), Olokénion - Ολοκαίνιον (Greek)Ulm Ulm (Azeri, Dutch, Finnish, German, Romanian, Turkish), Ulma (Italian, Latvian), Ulmas (Lithuanian), Ulmi – ულმი (Georgian*), Wūmǔ - 乌姆/烏姆 (Mandarin)Ulyanovsk Simbirsk (former name in French and German), Symbirsk (former name in Polish) Oulianovsk (French), Ulianovsk (Romanian), Uljanovsk (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Uļjanovska (Latvian), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian), Uljanowsk (German, Polish), Ulyanovsk (Azeri), Ulyanovsk - Ульяновск (Russian), Ulyanovsk - Уляновск (Bulgarian), Wūlǐyànuòfūsīkè - 乌里亚诺夫斯克/烏里亞諾夫斯克 (Mandarin)Umag Umag (Bosnian, Croatian, Slovene, Finnish, Romanian), Umago (Italian, Portuguese), Wūmǎgé - 乌马格/烏馬格 (Mandarin)Umeå Ubmeje (Ume Sami), Ubmi (Northern Sami), Umeå (Swedish), Upmeje (Southern Sami), Uumaja (Finnish), Umeo (Latvian), Wūméi'ào - 乌梅奥/烏梅奧 (Mandarin)Uppsala Oupsála - Ουψάλα (Greek), Upsal (French, former German), Uppsala (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Uppsalir (Icelandic), Upsala (Azeri, Bosnian, Finnish alternate, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian), Upsala – უფსალა (Georgian*), Upsalia (Latin), Upsália (Portuguese)*, Upsalla - (Korean), Upsalo (Esperanto), Wūpǔsàlā - 乌普萨拉/烏普薩拉 (Mandarin)Urtijëi Urtijëi (Ladin), Ortisei (Italian), St. Ulrich (German), 奥蒂塞伊 (Mandarin)Utrecht Traiectum (Latin), Oetrècht/Utrècht (Gronings), Utereg / Uterech (local dialect), Utert (West Frisian), Utrech / Utrei (Limburgish), Utrecht (Afrikaans, Catalan, Croatian, Danish, French, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Dutch, English, German, Finnish, Italian, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Welsh), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrèct (Arpitan*), Utreht - Утрехт (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Utrehta (Latvian), Utréchti - Ουτρέχτη (Greek), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrek (Walloon), Ut'rekht'i – უტრეხტი (Georgian*), Utreque (Portuguese), Utrext (Azeri), Yutorehito - ユトレヒト (Japanese)*, Wūtèláihètè - 乌特莱赫特/烏特萊赫特 (Mandarin)Uzhhorod Oujhorod (French), Ugohrad - Уґоград (Rusyn), Ujgorod / Ugocea (Romanian), Ungstadt (German alternate), Ungvár (Hungarian), Ungvir - אונגװיר / Ingver / Yngvyr (Yiddish), Ungwar (German alternate), Uschhorod (German), Uzhgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Uzhhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian, Rusyn), Uzhhorodi – უჟჰოროდი (Georgian*), Užhorod (Czech, Finnish, Slovak), Użhorod (Polish), Užgoroda (Latvian), Wūzhīhuǒluódé - 乌支火罗德/烏支火羅德 (Mandarin)

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