Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events August 10 – Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter Musa Cälil is arrested by the Gestapo and sent to a prison in Berlin where he composes verses into self-made notebooks.Moabit Däftäre. September 12 – Abraham Sutzkever, a Polish Jew writing poetry in Yiddish, escapes the Vilna Ghetto with his wife and hides in the forests. Sutzkever and fellow Yiddish poet Shmerke Kaczerginsky, fight against the Nazis as partisans. During the Nazi era, Sutzkever writes more than eighty poems, whose manuscripts he manages to save for postwar publication. December – English poet Philip Larkin, having graduated from the University of Oxford, obtains his first post as a librarian (at Wellington, Shropshire). Babi Yar in poetry: poems are written about the 1941 Babi Yar massacres by Mykola Bazhan (Микола Бажан) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ("Babi Yar"); Sava Holovanivskyi ("Avraam" (Abraham)) and Kievan poet Olga Anstei (Ольга Николаевна Анстей) ("Kirillovskie iary"; "Kirillov Ravines", another name for Babi Yar). She defects this year from the Soviet Union to the West with her husband. Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels closes theaters and publishers in Germany. Ezra Pound, still in Italy, is indicted for treason by the United States Attorney General. Canadian poet, critic and editor John Sutherland publishes a review of Patrick Anderson's poetry in his magazine First Statement (a rival to Anderson's Preview) which suggests homoerotic themes in his writing, and accuses Anderson of "some sexual experience of a kind not normal"; although Anderson would in fact come out as gay later in life, he is married at this time to Peggy Doernbach and threatens to sue. Sutherland prints a retraction in the following issue of his magazine.1 (20): cover. Ottawa native Elizabeth Smart moves permanently to England. Focus magazine founded in Jamaica."Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, , retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009. Poetry Scotland magazine founded in Glasgow by Maurice Lindsay. Publication of a new comprehensive edition of Friedrich Hölderlin's complete works (Sämtliche Werke, the "Große Stuttgarter Ausgabe"), begins.
Works published in English Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
Canada Archibald Lampman, At The Long Sault, edited by Duncan Campbell Scott and E.K. Brown, a selection from Lampman's unpublished manuscripts; posthumous edition Wilson MacDonald, Greater Poems Of The Bible: metrical versions, biblical forms, and original poemsSearch results: Wilson MacDonald, Open Library, Web, May 10, 2011. E. J. Pratt, Still Life and Other Verse, Toronto: Macmillan."Bibliography", Selected Poems of E. J. Pratt, Peter Buitenhuis ed., Toronto: Macmillan, 1968, 207-208. A.J.M. Smith, News of the Phoenix and Other Poems. Toronto: Ryerson Press. Governor General's Award 1943. Anthologies Ralph Gustafson, editor, Canadian Poets, published by New DirectionsGustafson, Ralph, The Penguin Book of Canadian Verse, revised edition, 1967, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books A.J.M. Smith, The Book of Canadian Poetry anthology - introduction identified modern poets in Canada as either in "The Native Tradition" or "The Cosmopolitan Tradition"; Criticism E.K. Brown, On Canadian Poetry.Gnarowsky, Michael, "Poetry in English, 1918-1960", article in The Canadian Encyclopedia, retrieved February 8, 2009 Governor General's Award 1943.
India, in English Sunderrao Rama Rao Dongerkery, The Ivory Tower (Poetry in English ), Baroda: East and West Book HouseNaik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984, , ), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009 Punjalal, Lotus Petals (Poetry in English ), Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo AshramVinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 319, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), , retrieved August 6, 2010 Krishna Shungloo, The Night is Heavy (Poetry in English ), Lahore: Free India PublicationsVinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 322, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), , retrieved August 6, 2010 K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar, Indo-Anglian Literature, a pioneering literary historyDas, Sisir Kumar, "A Chronology of Literary Events / 1911–1956", in Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, , retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
United Kingdom Kenneth Allott, The Ventriloquist's Doll Lilian Bowes Lyon, Evening in Stepney Cecil Day-Lewis, Word Over All Keith Douglas, Selected Poems Lawrence Durrell, A Private Country T. S. Eliot, Four Quartets (first collected, in U.S.) David Gascoyne, Poems 1937–1942 Geoffrey Grigson, Under the Cliff, and Other Poems Michael Hamburger, Friedrich Hölderlin: Poems J. F. Hendry, The Orchestral Mountain Sidney Keyes, The Cruel Solstice Roy McFadden, Swords and Ploughshares, Northern Ireland poet John Pudney, Beyond This Disregard Kathleen Raine, Stone and Flower, with drawings by Barbara Hepworth Keidrych Rhys, pen name of William Ronald Rhys Jones, editor, More Poems From The Forces, anthology William Soutar, But the Earth Abideth Dylan Thomas, New Poems, Welsh Terence Tiller, The Inward Animal W. R. Titterton, Poems for the Forces
United States Leonard Bacon, Day of FireLudwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press Stephen Vincent Benét, Western Star Kenneth Fearing, Afternoon of a Pawnbroker Robert Fitzgerald, A Wreath for the Sea Langston Hughes, Freedom's Plow Weldon Kees, The Last Man Archibald MacLeish, Colloquy for the States Edna St. Vincent Millay, Collected Lyrics Kenneth Patchen, Cloth of the Tempest Carl Sandburg, Home Front Memo Delmore Schwartz, Genesis: Book One Yvor Winters, The Giant Weapon, New DirectionsRichard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, editors, The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, W. W. Norton & Company, 1973, Elinor Wylie, Last Poems
Other in English Cairo poets, Oasis, English-language soldier-poets published in Egypt Allen Curnow, Sailing or Drowning (Progressive Publishing Society), New ZealandAllen Curnow Web page at the New Zealand Book Council website, accessed April 21, 2008
Works published in other languages Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
France Louis Aragon, Le Musee GrevinAuster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 Lanza del Vasto, Le Pèlerinage aux sources Andrée Chedid, On the Trails of my FancyBrée, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983 Robert Desnos, État de veille Luc Estang, Mystère apprivoisé André Frénaud, Les Rois Mages, Anthony Hartley called this book, "probably the best book of verse published at this time";Hartley, Anthony, editor, "Introduction", p li, The Penguin Book of French Verse: 4: The Twentieth Century, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967 first edition (revised edition, 1966) Jean Follain, Usage de temps Francis Jammes, Elégies et poésies diversesWeb page titled "POET Francis Jammes (1868–1938)", at The Poetry Foundation website, retrieved August 30, 2009. 2009-09-03. André Pieyre de Mandiargues, Dans les années sordides Jules Supervielle, Poèmes de la France malheureuseHartley, Anthony, editor, The Penguin Book of French Verse: 4: The Twentieth Century, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967 Raymond Queneau, Les Ziaux
Indian subcontinent Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:
Abdul Shakoor, Daur-i jadid ke cand muntakhab Hindu shu'ara, short biographical sketches and reviews of Hindu poets in the Urdu language Acharya Bhagvat, Jivan Ani Sahitya, essays in Marathi, mostly translated from Bengali and Gujarati, including some on which are on Rabindranath Tagore; criticism Akhtarul Imam, Girdab, Urdu-language Balvantrai Thakore, Navin Kavita Vise Vyakkyano, published lectures in Gujarati by this poet and critic on the forms of Gujarati poetry; criticism Bawa Balwant Juala Mukhi, Punjabi D. R. Bendre, Meghaduta, translation into Kannada from the Sanskrit of Kalidasa's Meghaduta; the translation is in a modified ragale meter; one of the most popular translations of that poet into the Kannada language D. V. Gundappa, Mankuthimmana Kagga, "Song of Mankutimma", Kannada G. V. Krishna Rao, Kavya Jagattu, on Marxism, Freudian thought and Indian poetics; Telugu; criticism Gauri Shankar Bhadrawahi, Srimad Bhagvadgita, translation into Dogri–Badrawahi from the Sanskrit original Lutif Allah Badvi, Tazkira-Elutfi, first volume of a Sindhi-language history of Sindhi poetry (see also Volume 2, 1946, Volume 3 1952) Makhan Lal Chaturvedi, Sahitya Devata, essays in literary criticism; Hindi Narayan Bezbarua, Mahatmar Maha Prayanat, Indian, Assamese-language Agyeya, Tar Saptak, groundbreaking Hindi anthology of seven previously unpublished poets which began the Prayogvad ("Experimentalism") movement; that, in turn, grew into the Nayi kavita ("New Poetry") movement in Hindi poetry. "The importance of Tar Saptak to the development of Hindi verse cannot be overstated", according to Ludmila L. Rosenstein. The movement got its name as a derisive term coined by critics who noted the constant use of the word prayog ("experimentalism") in Agyeya's introduction. That introduction and later writings by Agyeya made him one of the chief literary critics in India in the rest of the 20th century. The anthology was reprinted in new editions, with the sixth appearing in 1996. The seven poets in this edition: Agyeya, Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, Shamsher Bahadur Singh, Raghuvir Sahay, Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena, Kunwar Narain and Kedarnath Singh.Rosenstein, Ludmila L., New poetry in Hindi: an anthology, translated by the author, Anthem Press, 2004, p 8, , , retrieved via Google Books on June 10, 2009 Vijayrai Vaidya, Gujarati Sahityani Ruprekha, a Gujarati history of the literature in that language; scholarship
Other languages Chairil Anwar, "Aku" ("Me"), Indonesian Odysseus Elytis, Sun the First, Greek Gerardo Diego, Poemas adrede ("Purposeful Poems");SpainDebicki, Andrew P., Spanish Poetry of the Twentieth Century: Modernity and Beyond, University Press of Kentucky, 1995, , retrieved via Google Books, November 21, 2009 Sorley MacLean, Dàin do Eimhir agus Dàin Eile, Scottish Gaelic Eugenio Montale, Finisterre, a chapbook of poetry, smuggled into Switzerland by Gianfranco Contini; Lugano: the Collana di Lugano (June 24); second edition, 1945, Florence: Barbèra; ItalyEugenio Montale, Collected Poems 1920-1954, translated and edited by Jonathan Galassi, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998, César Moro, pen name of César Quíspez Asín, Le château de grisou, PeruFitts, Dudley, editor, Anthology of Contemporary Latin-American Poetry/Antología de la Poesía Americana Contemporánea Norfolk, Conn., New Directions, (also London: The Falcoln Press, but this edition was "Printed in U.S.A.), 1947, p 621