The Semnani languages or Komisenian languages are a group of Northwestern Iranian languages,Ethnologue listing for Semnani languages spoken in Semnan province of Iran that share many linguistic features and structures with most other Iranian languages, and are part of the Caspian languages. There are six Semnani languages named in the literature. Some may be dialects, but there is little published work on their relationships.C.F. & F.M. Voegelin, Classification and Index of the World's Languages (1977) lists them as dialects of Persian (pg. 185).Lecoq, pg. 297 lists them as "dialects" as well.Ethnologue lists Semnani, Sorkhei, Lasgerdi, and Sangsari as languages with Biyabunaki as a possible dialect of Semnani and Aftari as a dialect of Sorkhei.Linguasphere lists them together in an outer language called Semnani+Sangisari [58-AAC-f] with Semnani and Sangisari listed as inner languages.Merritt Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages, Volume 1: Classification (1991) lists Semnani and Sangisari as languages in the Semnani subgroup. Semnani (incl. one of several dialects termed 'Biyabunaki'), Sangsari, Sorkhei, Aftari and Lasgerdi.
Grammar
Grammatical gender Within the Semnani group, grammatical gender is a distinct feature attested in Semnani, Sangsari and Momenabadi, similar to Zaza and Tati. The morphosyntactic locus of gender agreement varies cross-linguistically, manifesting in nominal affixes, articles, third-person singular pronouns, and verbal inflection.Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les Dialectes Caspiens Et Les Dialectes Du Nord-ouest De L'iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (in French). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 307-311. .
Numbers Numbers in the Semnani languages and other closely related languages Zaza and Tati and their relationship with Avestan and Parthian are as follows:Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les Dialectes Caspiens Et Les Dialectes Du Nord-ouest De L'iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (in French). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 303, 308. . onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightninetentwentyAvestanaēva/aēvā (m./f.)dvahrīčahwarpancahšvašhaptaaštanavadasavīsatiParthianēwdōhrēčafārpanǰšwahhafthaštnahdaswistSemnanii/iya (m./f.)doheyračārpanǰšašhafthaštnadasvistSorkheiidoheréčārpanǰšašhafthaštnadasvistLasgerdiidoheyréčārpanǰšašhafthaštnadasvistBiyabunakiidūhäiräčāhārpahānǰšāšhāfthāštnādāsvistZazažew/žû (m./f.)dihīrēčahārpanǰšašhawthaštnawdasvistTatiiv/iva (m./f.)deherečöpinǰšošhofthaštnövdohvistHarzandiideheričöpinǰšašhofthaštnovdavistKilitividèvhečoypinǰšašhafthaštnavdahvist Cognate sets Source:Lecoq, pg. 310. EnglishSorkheiLasgerdiSangsariAftariBiyabunaki horse esbā esbe esbe espa esba girl dukkey dot döt dut dut blood xün xün large masīn masīn mas/yale masīn nose ven vinī xunī vinī vēnī snow vār var varf var serpent mohur mahar moon mūng māye woman žiki žaki žekeyn džek džinakā
notes
References
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