HLA-C

HLA-C (Human Leukocyte Antigen-C) belongs to the MHC class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA-C, are expressed in nearly all cells, and present small peptides to the immune system which surveys for non-self peptides.

HLA-C is a locus on chromosome 6, which encodes for many HLA-C alleles that are Class-I MHC receptors. HLA-C, localized proximal to the HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA-C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human species itself.

Disease associations

By serotype

Cw1: multinodular goiters

By allele

C*16: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Nomenclature

C*01 Cw1 serotype: C*01:02 and C*01:09 Cw11 C*01:04 to *01:08

C*02 Cw2 serotype: C*02:02 and *02:08 C*02:03 to *02:07, and 02:09

C*03 Cw9 serotype: C*03:03 Cw10 serotype: C*03:02, *03:04, and *03:06 Cw3 serotype: C*03:07 C*03:05 and 03:08

C*04 Cw4 serotype: C*0401, *0407, and *0410

C*05 Cw5 serotype: C*05:01 and *05:02 C*05:03 to *05:06 and *05:08 to *05:10

C*06 Cw6 serotype: C*06:02 and *06:05 C*06:03, *06:04 and *06:06 to *06:11

C*07 Cw7 serotype: C*07:01 to *07:06, *07:12, *07:14, *07:16 C*07:07 to *07:11, *07:13, *07:15, and *07:17 to *07:29

C*08 Cw8 serotype: C*08:01, *08:02 and *08:03 C*08:05 to *08:12

Others C*12:02 to *12:15 C*14:02 to *14:05 C*15:01 to *15:11 C*16:01 to *16:06 C*17:01 to *17:03 C*18:01 and *18:02

Common haplotype

Cw4-B35 (Western Africa to Native Americans) Cw7-B7 (Western Eurasia, South Africa) Cw7-B8 (Western Eurasia) Cw1-B46 (China, Indochina) Cw5-B44 (Western Eurasia)

Interactions

HLA-C has been shown to interact with: KIR2DL1, Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family: particularly the activating receptor LILRA1 LILRA3

References

HLA-C

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