Virginia's 1st congressional district

Virginia's first congressional district is a United States congressional district in the commonwealth of Virginia. It streches from the Richmond suburbs towards the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula. The district encompasses the Historic Triangle of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. It has been represented by Republican Rob Wittman since 2007.

The district is sometimes referred to as "America's First District" since it includes the Historic Triangle of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. In the 18th and early 19th century, it comprised northwestern Virginia (that became Frederick County, Virginia as well as the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia after the American Civil War). The district includes major military installations and has been represented by Republican Rob Wittman since 2007.

In 2016, the adjacent 3rd district was ruled unconstitutional. New districts have been drawn.

Recent district election results from statewide races Year Office Results2008 PresidentMcCain 58% - 41% SenateWarner 57% - 42%2009 GovernorMcDonnell 70% - 30% Lt. GovernorBolling 67% - 33% Attorney GeneralCuccinelli 69% - 31%2012 PresidentRomney 59% - 39% SenateAllen 57% - 42%2013 GovernorCuccinelli 53% - 36% Lt. GovernorJackson 51% - 48% Attorney GeneralObenshain 60% - 40%2014 SenateGillespie 58% - 39%2016 PresidentTrump 54% - 40%2017 GovernorGillespie 55% - 44% Lt. GovernorVogel 57% - 43% Attorney GeneralDonley Adams 57% - 43%2018 SenateStewart 50% - 48%2020 PresidentTrump 52% - 46% SenateGade 53% - 47%2021 GovernorYoungkin 58% - 41% Lt. GovernorEarle-Sears 58% - 42% Attorney GeneralMiyares 58% - 42%2024 PresidentTrump 52% - 47% SenateCao 52% - 48%2025 GovernorSpanberger 51% - 49% Lt. GovernorReid 51% - 49% Attorney GeneralMiyares 54% - 46%

Composition For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:

Chesterfield County (4)

Bon Air, Brandermill, Midlothian, Woodlake Essex County (1) Tappahannock

Gloucester County (2)

Gloucester Courthouse, Gloucester Point

Hanover County (3)

Ashland, Hanover, Mechanicsville

Henrico County (5)

Glen Allen (part; also 4th), Innsbrook, Short Pump, Tuckahoe, Wyndham

James City County (0)

No incorporated or census-recognized communities

King and Queen County (1)

King and Queen Court House

King William County (3)

All 3 communities

Lancaster County (5)

All 5 communities

Mathews County (2)

Gwynn, Mathews

Middlesex County (3)

All 3 communities

New Kent County (1)

New Kent

Northumberland County (1)

Heathsville, Kilmarnock (shared with Lancaster County)

Richmond County (1)

Warsaw

Westmoreland County (2)

Colonial Beach, Montross

York County (2)

Bethel Manor, Yorktown

Independent cities (2)

Poquoson, Williamsburg

Historic district boundaries

The Virginia First District started in 1788 covering the counties of Berkeley, Frederick, Hampshire, Hardy, Harrison, Monongalia, Ohio, Randolph and Shenandoah.Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts, 1788–1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 7Statute of 20 November 1788 Of these only Shenandoah and Frederick Counties are in Virginia today; the rest are now part of West Virginia. The modern counties of Clarke, Warren and most of Page as well as the independent city of Winchester were included as part of Frederick and Shenandoah counties in 1788. In West Virginia all the current state north and east of a generalized line running from Wood County to Pocahontas County was in the congressional district. The one exception was that Pendleton County, West Virginia was in Virginia's 3rd congressional district.

In the redistribution which followed the 1850 census (in force 1853–1863), the First District comprised sixteen counties in eastern Virginia. The counties included (amongst others) Accomack, Essex, Gloucester, James City, King and Queen, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Richmond, Warwick and Westmoreland. In an 1862 Union special election three out of the sixteen counties in the Union district supplied returns.

The First District is noted for its strong presence of military institutions, including the Naval Surface Warfare Center. Increasing numbers of military and retired voters have swung the district to the right.

Recent election results

List of members representing the district

Representative Party Years Congress Electoral history District established March 4, 1789 Alexander White Pro-Administration March 4, 1789 –March 3, 1793 Elected in 1789.Re-elected in 1790.Lost re-election. Robert Rutherford Anti-Administration March 4, 1793 –March 3, 1795 Elected in 1793.Re-elected in 1795.Lost re-election. Democratic-Republican March 4, 1795 –March 3, 1797 Daniel Morgan Federalist March 4, 1797 –March 3, 1799 Elected in 1797.Retired. Robert Page Federalist March 4, 1799 –March 3, 1801 Elected in 1799.Retired. John Smith Democratic-Republican March 4, 1801 –March 3, 1803 Elected in 1801.Redistricted to the . John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican March 4, 1803 –September 28, 1810 Elected in 1803.Re-elected in 1805.Re-elected in 1807.Re-elected in 1809.Resigned. Vacant September 29, 1810 –December 20, 1810 William McKinley Democratic-Republican December 21, 1810 –March 3, 1811 Elected in to finish Jackson's term.Lost re-election. Thomas Wilson Federalist March 4, 1811 –March 3, 1813 Elected in 1811.Lost re-election. John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican March 4, 1813 –March 3, 1817 Elected in 1813.Re-elected in 1815.Retired. James Pindall Federalist March 4, 1817 –July 26, 1820 Elected in 1817.Re-elected in 1819.Resigned. Vacant July 27, 1820 –October 22, 1820 Edward B. Jackson Democratic-Republican October 23, 1820 –March 3, 1823 Elected to finish Pindall's term.Re-elected in 1821.Retired. Thomas Newton Jr. Democratic-Republican March 4, 1823 –March 3, 1825 Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1823.Re-elected in 1825.Re-elected in 1827.Election invalidated. Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –March 9, 1830 George Loyall Jackson March 9, 1830 –March 3, 1831 Won election contest.Lost re-election. Thomas Newton Jr. Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1831 –March 3, 1833 Elected in 1831.Retired. George Loyall Jackson March 4, 1833 –March 3, 1837 Elected in 1833.Re-elected in 1835.Retired. Francis Mallory Whig March 4, 1837 –March 3, 1839 Elected in 1837.Lost re-election. Joel Holleman Democratic March 4, 1839 –December 1, 1840 Elected in 1839.Resigned. Vacant December 2, 1840 –December 27, 1840 Francis Mallory Whig December 28, 1840 –March 3, 1843 Elected to finish Holleman's term.Re-elected in 1841.Retired. Archibald Atkinson Democratic March 4, 1843 –March 3, 1849 Elected in 1843.Re-elected in 1845.Re-elected in 1847.Retired. John S. Millson Democratic March 4, 1849 –March 3, 1853 Elected in 1849.Re-elected in 1851.Redistricted to the . Thomas H. Bayly Democratic March 4, 1853 –June 23, 1856 Elected in 1853.Re-elected in 1855.Died. Vacant June 24, 1856 –November 30, 1856 Muscoe R. H. Garnett Democratic December 1, 1856 –March 3, 1861 Elected to finish Bayly's term.Re-elected in 1857.Re-elected in 1859.Retired. Vacant March 4, 1861 –October 24, 1861 Joseph E. Segar Unionist October 24, 1861 –February 11, 1862 Elected in 1861.Declared by the House to be not entitled to the seat. Vacant February 11, 1862 –March 16, 1862 Joseph E. Segar Unionist March 16, 1862 –May 17, 1864 Elected to finish his own term.Re-elected in 1863.Declared by the House to be not entitled to the seat. District inactive May 17, 1864 –January 30, 1870 Civil War and Reconstruction Richard S. Ayer Republican January 31, 1870 –March 3, 1871 Elected to finish the short term.Retired. John Critcher Democratic March 4, 1871 –March 3, 1873 Elected in 1870.Retired. James B. Sener Republican March 4, 1873 –March 3, 1875 Elected in 1872.Lost re-election. Beverly B. Douglas Democratic March 4, 1875 –December 22, 1878 Elected in 1874.Re-elected in 1876.Re-elected in 1878, but died before his term began. Vacant December 23, 1878 –January 22, 1879 Richard L. T. Beale Democratic January 23, 1879 –March 3, 1881 Elected to finish Douglas's term.Retired. George T. Garrison Democratic March 4, 1881 –March 3, 1883 Elected in 1880.Lost re-election. Robert M. Mayo Readjuster March 4, 1883 –March 20, 1884 Elected in 1882.Election invalidated. George T. Garrison Democratic March 20, 1884 –March 3, 1885 Retired. Thomas Croxton Democratic March 4, 1885 –March 3, 1887 Elected in 1884.Lost re-election. Thomas H. B. Browne Republican March 4, 1887 –March 3, 1891 Elected in 1886.Re-elected in 1888.Lost re-election. William A. Jones Democratic March 4, 1891 –April 17, 1918 Elected in 1890.Re-elected in 1892.Re-elected in 1894.Re-elected in 1896.Re-elected in 1898.Re-elected in 1900.Re-elected in 1902.Re-elected in 1904.Re-elected in 1906.Re-elected in 1908.Re-elected in 1910.Re-elected in 1912.Re-elected in 1914.Re-elected in 1916.Died. Vacant April 18, 1918 –July 2, 1918 S. Otis Bland Democratic July 2, 1918 –March 3, 1933 Elected to finish Jones's term.Re-elected in 1918.Re-elected in 1920.Re-elected in 1922.Re-elected in 1924.Re-elected in 1926.Re-elected in 1928.Re-elected in 1930.Redistricted to the . District inactive March 4, 1933 –January 3, 1935 S. Otis Bland Democratic January 3, 1935 –February 16, 1950 Elected in 1934.Re-elected in 1936.Re-elected in 1938.Re-elected in 1940.Re-elected in 1942.Re-elected in 1944.Re-elected in 1946.Re-elected in 1948.Died. Vacant February 16, 1950 –May 2, 1950 Edward J. Robeson Jr. Democratic May 2, 1950 –January 3, 1959 Elected to finish Bland's term.Re-elected in 1950.Re-elected in 1952.Re-elected in 1954.Re-elected in 1956.Lost renomination. Thomas N. Downing Democratic January 3, 1959 –January 3, 1977 Elected in 1958.Re-elected in 1960.Re-elected in 1962.Re-elected in 1964.Re-elected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Re-elected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Retired. Paul Trible Republican January 3, 1977 –January 3, 1983 Elected in 1976.Re-elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Retired to run for U.S. senator. Herbert H. Bateman Republican January 3, 1983 –September 11, 2000 Elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Re-elected in 1992.Re-elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Announced retirement, then died. Vacant September 11, 2000 –January 3, 2001 Jo Ann Davis Republican January 3, 2001 –October 6, 2007 Elected in 2000.Re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Died. Vacant October 6, 2007 –December 11, 2007 Rob Wittman Republican December 11, 2007 –present Elected to finish Davis's term.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Re-elected in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Re-elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Re-elected in 2022.Re-elected in 2024.

Virginia's 1st congressional district

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