Celaenorrhinus is a genus of skipper butterflies which are commonly termed sprites. An alternate name is flats, for their habit of holding their wings flat when resting, but this is also used for related genera. They are the type genus of tribe Celaenorrhinini.
Celaenorrhinus species are found in most tropical regions. However, rather than a monophyletic genus the group appears to be a paraphyletic assemblage, and will probably be split up in the future.
Species The following species are recognised in the genus Celaenorrhinus and are split into three large species groups: Africa species group
Celaenorrhinus ambra Evans, 1937 Celaenorrhinus ankasa Larsen & Miller, 2005 Celaenorrhinus aureus Collins & Larsen, 2005 Celaenorrhinus bakolo Miller, 1964 Celaenorrhinus beni Bethune-Baker, 1908 Celaenorrhinus bettoni Butler, 1902 Celaenorrhinus boadicea (Hewitson, 1877) Celaenorrhinus chrysoglossa (Mabille, 1891) Celaenorrhinus cordeironis Kielland, 1992 Celaenorrhinus dargei Berger, 1976 Celaenorrhinus galenus (Fabricius, 1793) Celaenorrhinus handmani Collins & Congdon, 1998 Celaenorrhinus hecqui Berger, 1976 Celaenorrhinus homeyeri (Plötz, 1880) Celaenorrhinus humbloti (Mabille, 1884) Celaenorrhinus illustris (Mabille, 1891) Celaenorrhinus illustroides Miller, 1971 Celaenorrhinus intermixtus Aurivillius, 1896 Celaenorrhinus kasai Evans, 1956 Celaenorrhinus kimboza Evans, 1949 Celaenorrhinus kivuensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921 Celaenorrhinus leona Berger, 1975 Celaenorrhinus lourentis de Jong, 1976 Celaenorrhinus macrostictus Holland, 1893 Celaenorrhinus meditrina (Hewitson, 1877) Celaenorrhinus milleri Collins & Larsen, 2003 Celaenorrhinus nigropunctata Bethune-Baker, 1908 Celaenorrhinus nimba Collins & Larsen, 2000 Celaenorrhinus ovalis Evans, 1937 Celaenorrhinus perlustris Rebel, 1914 Celaenorrhinus plagiatus Berger, 1976 Celaenorrhinus proxima (Mabille, 1877) Celaenorrhinus rubeho Kielland, 1990 Celaenorrhinus sagamase Collins & Larsen, 2005 Celaenorrhinus sanjeensis Kielland, 1990 Celaenorrhinus selysi Berger, 1955 Celaenorrhinus suzannae Berger, 1976 Celaenorrhinus toro Evans, 1937 Celaenorrhinus uluguru Kielland, 1990 Celaenorrhinus zanqua Evans, 1937
Asia species group
Celaenorrhinus aspersa Leech, 1891 Celaenorrhinus maculosa (C. & R. Felder, ) Celaenorrhinus inexspectus Devyatkin, 2000 Celaenorrhinus phuongi Devyatkin, 2001 Celaenorrhinus incestus Devyatkin, 2000 Celaenorrhinus major Hsu, 1990 Celaenorrhinus kuznetsovi Devyatkin, 2000 Celaenorrhinus yaojiani Huang & Wu, 2003 Celaenorrhinus oscula Evans, 1949 Celaenorrhinus consanguinea Leech, 1891 Celaenorrhinus ratna Fruhstorfer, 1909 Celaenorrhinus pulomaya (Moore, ) Celaenorrhinus horishanus Shirôzu, 1963 Celaenorrhinus pero de Nicéville, 1889 Celaenorrhinus choui Gu, 1994 Celaenorrhinus ruficornis (Mabille, 1878) Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore, ) Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus (Felder, 1868) Celaenorrhinus sumitra (Moore, ) Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889 Celaenorrhinus pahangensis Naylor, 1962 Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar, ) Celaenorrhinus putra (Moore, ) Celaenorrhinus munda Moore, 1884 Celaenorrhinus nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885) Celaenorrhinus asmara (Butler, ) Celaenorrhinus inaequalis Elwes & Edwards, 1897 Celaenorrhinus ficulnea (Hewitson, 1868) Celaenorrhinus ladana (Butler, 1870) Celaenorrhinus patula de Nicéville, 1889 Celaenorrhinus tibetana (Mabille, 1876) Celaenorrhinus andamanica (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881) Celaenorrhinus badia (Hewitson, 1877) Celaenorrhinus dhanada Moore, Celaenorrhinus bazilanus (Fruhstorfer, 1909) Celaenorrhinus entellus (Hewitson, 1867) Celaenorrhinus flavocincta (de Nicéville, 1887) Celaenorrhinus halconis de Jong & Treadaway, 1993 Celaenorrhinus kiku Hering, 1918 Celaenorrhinus kurosawai Shirôzu, 1963 Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949 Celaenorrhinus patuloides de Jong, 1981 Celaenorrhinus plagifera de Nicéville, 1889 Celaenorrhinus saturatus Elwes & Edwards, 1897 Celaenorrhinus toxopei de Jong, 1981 Celaenorrhinus treadawayi de Jong, 1981 Celaenorrhinus zea Swinhoe, 1909
America species group
Celaenorrhinus aegiochus (Hewitson, 1876) Celaenorrhinus anchialus (Mabille, 1878) Celaenorrhinus approximatus Williams & Bell, 1940 Celaenorrhinus astrigera (Butler, 1877) Celaenorrhinus autochton Steinhauser & Austin, 1996 Celaenorrhinus bifurcus Bell, 1934 Celaenorrhinus cynapes (Hewitson, 1870) Celaenorrhinus disjunctus Bell, 1940 Celaenorrhinus eligius (Stoll, ) Celaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri (Bailey, 1880) Celaenorrhinus jao (Mabille, 1889) Celaenorrhinus monartus (Plötz, 1884) Celaenorrhinus orneates Austin, 1996 Celaenorrhinus par Steinhauser & Austin, 1996 Celaenorrhinus savia (Evans, 1952) Celaenorrhinus shema (Hewitson, 1877) Celaenorrhinus similis Hayward, 1933 Celaenorrhinus songoensis Draudt, 1922 Celaenorrhinus stallingsi Freeman, 1946 Celaenorrhinus stola Evans, 1952 Celaenorrhinus suthina (Hewitson, 1877) Celaenorrhinus syllius (C. & R. Felder, 1862) Celaenorrhinus tritonae (Weeks, 1901) Celaenorrhinus vagra Evans, 1952
Former species Celaenorrhinus aurivittata (Moore, 1878) - transferred to Aurivittia aurivittata (Moore, 1878) Celaenorrhinus mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857) - transferred to Apallaga mokeezi (Wallengren, 1857) Celaenorrhinus pooanus Aurivillius, 1910 - transferred to Apallaga pooanus (Aurivillius, 1910) Celaenorrhinus rutilans (Mabille, 1877) - transferred to Apallaga rutilans (Mabille, 1877) Celaenorrhinus vietnamicus Devyatkin, 1998 - transferred to Aurivittia vietnamicus (Devyatkin, 1998)
Genus characteristics
The following is a description of the genus from an old work and may not account for more recent taxonomic changes.
References
, 1934: New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Peru (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum Novitates 745: 1-6. Full article: . , 2001: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 9. Three new species and one new subspecies from the subfamily Pyrginae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 32 (3/4): 403-410. 2003: Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 14: A new species of the genus Celaenorrhinus Hübner 1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 34 (1/2): 115-118. Abstract: . , 2004, Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist Part 4A; Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea , 2008, A new species of Celaenorrhinus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) from N Myanmar, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan 59 (3): 241-242. Abstract and full article: . , 1992 (1991): Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 7 (4): 503-524. Full article: . , 1971: Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bull. Allyn Museum 2: 1-17. Full article: , 2008: Checklist of Afrotropical Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea.
External links
Seitz, A. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 76 et seq. Images representing Potanthus at Consortium for the Barcode of Life