Jamu Mare (; or Großscham; ) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Clopodia, Ferendia, Gherman, Jamu Mare (commune seat), and Lățunaș.

Name In Romanian, the name means "Greater Jam/Žam". On the other side of the border, in Serbia, there is a village called Mali Žam ("Smaller Jam/Žam").

History Jamu Mare was first documented in 1335, under the name Jam. In 1370 it belonged to Krassó County and was called Suma. In Marsigli's notes from 1690 to 1700 it is called Seham and appears with 67 houses. Between 1730 and 1740 a plague epidemic decimated the population. Thus, with the third German colonization, a new locality was established a little further west of the old settlement. Then 152 houses were built. In 1786, thirty families settled here, and in the autumn of the next year the rest of the newcomers. It was then called Freudenthal. The administration moved the Romanians to the border area, and the houses were assigned to the Germans. At the end of the 18th century, Hungarian statistician recorded that the village called Nagy-Zsám had a population of 1,562 and belonged to the nobleman László Karácsonyi. In 1807 another wave of German colonists from Torontál County settled here. 1809 is considered the year of the effective establishment of the new locality, on the current location. The old Freudenthal colony was gradually abandoned by the Germans, who preferred to move to Jamu Mare, and in 1893, the territory of the colony was incorporated into the current commune.

Demographics

Jamu Mare had a population of 2,748 inhabitants at the 2021 census, down 7.51% from the 2011 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (84.57%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (4.07%) and Hungarians (2.14%). For 7.96% of the population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (73.79%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (8.33%), Greek Catholics (5.09%) and Baptists (2.07%). For 8.29% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown. Census Ethnic composition Year Population Romanians Hungarians Germans Roma Czechs Slovaks 1880 6,978 3,127 581 2,750 – – 425 1890 7,727 3,175 813 3,162 – – 15 1900 8,174 3,535 950 3,074 – – 20 1910 8,277 3,661 1,097 2,898 – – 70 1920 3,717 2,415 436 458 – – – 1930 7,513 3,656 754 2,527 114 – 406 1941 7,662 3,711 914 2,433 – – – 1956 6,283 3,958 738 1,311 – 234 20 1966 5,907 3,932 621 1,079 71 153 12 1977 4,697 3,315 468 686 103 95 6 1992 3,487 2,923 320 114 55 54 5 2002 3,327 2,893 243 63 73 35 3 2011 2,971 2,621 117 29 83 13 – 2021 2,748 2,324 59 15 112 5 – Politics and administration The commune of Jamu Mare is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 11 councilors. The mayor, Petre Gagea-Neaga, from the National Liberal Party, has been in office since 2020. As from the 2024 local elections, the local council has the following composition by political parties: Party Seats Composition National Liberal Party 5 Social Democratic Party 4 Force of the Right 1 Alliance for the Union of Romanians 1

Infrastructure

Jamu Mare is now a railway terminus, but between 1925 and 1930, trains would pass through it all the way to Vršac in present-day Serbia. The rail station is currently closed, without service.

Four county roads run through the commune.

Notable people Ioachim Miloia (1897–1940), painter, philosopher and philologist

Notes

References