Tashahhud

The Tashahhud (, meaning "testimony [of faith]"), also known as at-Tahiyyat (), is the portion of the Muslim prayer where the person kneels or sits on the ground facing the qibla (direction of Mecca), glorifies God, and greets Muhammad and the "righteous servants of God" followed by the two testimonials. The recitation is usually followed by an invocation of the blessings and peace upon Muhammad known as Salawat.

Origins There is a hadith that states:

Sunni tradition Hanafi and Hanbali A version attributed to Abdullah ibn Masud in Sahih al-Bukhari is used by Sunni Muslims from both the Hanafi and the Hanbali schools, as well as the non-Sunni Ibadi Muslims:

Maliki A version attributed to Umar is used by the Maliki school, as found in Malik's Al-Muwatta:

Shafi'i A version attributed to Ibn Abbas is used by the Shafi'i school, as found in Sahih Muslim:

Shia tradition

Jafari The Twelver Shias of the Ja'fari school recite the Tashahhud as:

The Tashahhud is followed by the Salam. The bare minimum is to say "" (). It is highly recommended, though, to add "" () .

It is highly recommended, though, to recite in the Salam of the prayer:

It is also recommended to say "Bismillahi wa billahi wa al-hamdulillahi wa khairil asma'ilillah"before tashahud. After the tashahud, it can also be said,"wa taqabbal shafa'atahu warfa' darajatahu". Additionally, recitation of dua and dhikr during tashahud is a prophetic sunnah, according to the Jafari Madhhab.

Zaidi For the Zaidi, the middle Tashahhud after the second rakʿah is recited as:

After the last rakʿah, the Zaidi recite the Tashahhud in its full formula:

Tashahhud

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