Henry Raikes

Henry Raikes (1782–1854) was an English cleric, chancellor of the diocese of Chester from 1830 to 1854.

Childhood and education Henry Raikes was born on 24 September 1782 at 12 New Broad Street, London.The National Archives, T70/1509, List of the Freeman of the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, for the Port of London, June 1778. His father, Thomas, was a wealthy merchant, and his mother, Charlotte, was the granddaughter of the 7th Earl of Winchilsea.

Thomas Raikes had become wealthy through his own ability and enterprise. He was born in Gloucester, where his father, Robert Raikes, had founded the Gloucester Journal. After their father’s death, Thomas and his brother, William, moved to London and established a merchant business that became immensely successful. In 1776, Thomas was elected a director of the Bank of England, a position he held until 1810. He also served on the committee of several charities, including the Society for Sunday Schools.

In 1774, Thomas married Charlotte Finch, the illegitimate daughter of an aristocrat called Henry Finch.The will of Henry Finch dated 7 November 1758, proved at London 2 June 1761. Charlotte’s portrait by George Romney depicts her sitting at a keyboard in a sumptuous white dress, looking elegant and graceful.

Thomas and Charlotte had five daughters and four sons.Two of the children predeceased their father. Emma died 4 January 1799 aged 12 (Kentish Weekly Post or Canterbury Journal, 8 January 1799 p.4); Elizabeth died 11 February 1801 aged 13 (Whitehall Evening Post, 14 February 1801 p.3). Georgiana married Lord William Fitzroy, and Harriet married Stratford Canning. Thomas (junior) joined the family business; Richard became a banker;In October 1834, Richard Mee Raikes, the serving Governor of the Bank of England, was declared bankrupt with net debts of £85,000. He owed £6,450 to his sister, Charlotte Finch Raikes, and £7,702 to his brother, Henry. (Dover Telegraph and Cinque Ports General Advertiser, 25 October 1834 p.6-Richard Mee Raikes's Bankruptcy; English Chronicle and Whitehall Evening Post, 4 April 1835 p.1-A meeting of Mr Mee Raikes's creditors). and George became a director of the East India Company. Henry was the only son to reject a career in banking and commerce.

As he was their second son, his parents may have steered him towards the Church from a young age. When he was a boy, they sent him to the hamlet of Neasden to be educated by his uncle, Richard Raikes. This uncle was a priest who had been a fellow at St John’s College, Cambridge before he suffered a breakdown. Although married, he had no children of his own. Racked by almost constant pain, he may have sometimes contemplated suicide as he subscribed to a book on the subject in 1790. Sadly, he treated his nephew with the utmost severity. Whether his cruelty stemmed from by a tortured psyche or twisted religious ideas about the depravity of human nature is impossible to say.

When Raikes was ten or eleven, he went to Eton School. There, he excelled in classics and became a close friend of John Bird Sumner, the future Archbishop of Canterbury.

On 18 May 1800, Raikes entered St John’s College, Cambridge, where he cultivated valuable friendships but failed to apply himself wholeheartedly to his studies. While he loved the classics, he was less interested in mathematics. In January 1804, the university awarded him a second-class degree. In 1805, he won the Members’ Prize for a classical essay.

In 1805, he embarked on a journey to Greece, choosing his route to suit the wartime conditions. After crossing the sea to Prussia, he travelled through Austria, Hungary, and Italy. From Venice, he sailed to Greece, where he met Lord Aberdeen, whom he had known at Cambridge. Together, they explored ancient sites and visited Albania. In 1806, Raikes returned home to London via Gibraltar and Lisbon.

After his return from Greece, Raikes lived with his parents in their house at 14 Upper Grosvenor Street, Mayfair.Derbyshire Record Office, D258/50/26i-ii, Personal letter from Sir William Gell to Philip Gell dated 29 July 1809. ` He indulged in the pleasures of London society and mixed with some eminent people.

Early career On 20 September 1807, he took Holy Orders, being ordained a deacon at Norwich. On 18 December 1808, the Bishop of Winchester ordained him as a priest and licensed him to the curacy of Betchworth, a parish near Dorking.

On 16 March 1809, Raikes married Augusta Whittington at St George's, Hanover Square, Westminster.The marriage register of St George's, Hanover Square. Entry for 16 March 1809. By licence. Witnesses: Jacob Whittington, Thos Raikes, Charlotte Raikes. Augusta's mother was not a witness. She was the daughter of Jacob John Whittington of Theberton Hall, Suffolk, a wealthy country squire.

Jacob’s circumstances were unusual in that he had inherited his wealth from an aunt and uncle, who had died childless. Without this windfall, his means would have been modest. Some of this inheritance was legally suspect, which led to a court battle that lasted more than twenty years. In 1800, Jacob lost the case, which then released funds to found Downing College, Cambridge.

Raikes and Augusta may have met through her brother, George Downing Whittington, who was probably friends with Raikes at Eton and Cambridge. A young man of remarkable promise, Whittington died of dysentery in his lodgings at Cambridge on 24 July 1807.

Although Raikes loved Augusta, he disapproved of her parents. In 1805 or 1806, they had arranged a legal separation, under which Jacob settled £16,000 on his wife and six children. The probable cause of their parting was his infidelity some years earlier, which resulted in the birth of a son. Raikes protected himself from disgrace by having nothing to do with his parents-in-law. In her will, his mother-in-law expressed her deep regret that she never knew her grandchildren.

Raikes’s father gave the newly married couple a marriage settlement comprising £4,000 and two farms. He had earlier given his son a promissory note for £10,000.The will of Thomas Raikes dated 17 May 1809 and proved at London 9 February 1814. With this wealth, Raikes could have bought a living, and he did indeed consider it. On 29 July 1809, Sir William Gell wrote to Philip Gell of Hopton Hall, Wirksworth, Derbyshire, on Raikes's behalf to obtain more information about a living:" I sent or rather wrote you a letter yesterday on the subject of the living but I don't know whether you will even get it or not, so I repeat, Henry Raikes the Revd 14 upper Gros St Gros Square wants to buy it but must have particulars & know where your agent is to be seen in town to set his agent about it. This you may be sure of that Raikes has the money & that he will give you the fairest price for it, even if you were to trust it entirely to him without bargain."But nothing came of it, and instead, he accepted a series of curacies:

1808-c. 1810 Betchworth, Surrey;

1810-1813 Shillingstone, Dorset;Shillingstone baptism register 1813-69: Henry Raikes conducted all the baptisms from 3 January 1813 to [?] July 1813; the next baptism, on 13 October 1813, was by Edward Acton, curate.

Shillingstone marriage register 1813-1921: Raikes conducted a marriage on 1 January 1813 and another on 8 April 1813; the next, on 27 September 1813, was by Edward Acton, curate. Shillingstone register of banns 1755-1827: Raikes read marriage banns on Sunday, 15 July 1810. Shillingstone marriage register 1755-1812: Raikes conducted marriages on 18 July 1810. 3 September 1811, 1 January 1812, and 22 September 1812.

1814-1822 Burnham, Buckinghamshire.

These positions involved onerous duties for low pay. For example, at Burnham, Raikes received a stipend of £100, surplice fees, and accommodation.

Raikes’s married life was happy. His two oldest sons were born at Shillingstone;The entry for George Raikes on the 1851 census: HO 107, piece 2105, folio 505, page 27. a third son and two daughters were born at Burnham.Richard William Raikes was baptised at Burnham on 21 July 1816, Cecilia Raikes on 13 April 1817, and Emily Augusta Raikes on 19 March 1820. Richard went to India and is therefore absent from census returns. The 1861 census records Celilia's place of birth as Burnham (she was by then married to Dale Stewart). Emily died in infancy. This tranquility ended in the autumn of 1820 when his infant daughter and his wife both died.National Burial Index for England & Wales His old friend, John Sumner, offered consolation by quoting Jesus’s words: “What I do thou knowest not now, but though shalt know hereafter.”

In 1822, Raikes inherited great wealth from his parents. When his father died in 1813, he left an estate valued at about £150,000, most of which he gave to his widow for her lifetime.Society of Genealogists, Bank of England Will Extracts 1717-1845, registered 14 February 1814, Thomas Raikes of Upper Grosvenor Square, Esquire. "Sworn under £150,000." When she died in March 1822, the capital became available to divide among the surviving six children. As Raikes received a legacy of £7,000 and a share of the residue, he probably inherited more than £20,000. In 1824, he inherited more property when his uncle and former tutor, Richard Raikes, left him all his freehold and leasehold lands and buildings.The will of Richard Raikes dated 14 November 1822, proved at London 26 February 1824.

After leaving Burnham, Raikes lived with his brother, Thomas, at Sudbrook Park, Petersham, Surrey. Then, in 1824, he bought Aldwick Pavilion, a mansion on the Sussex coast. The house came with five acres of land, outbuildings, pleasure grounds, a kitchen garden, and a lawn that sloped to the sea. When first advertised for sale in 1819, the owner set the price at £7,000.

While at Aldwick, Raikes studied his books and schooled his four children. His sister, Charlotte, helped him with their care, remaining his companion until her death on 5 July 1854.Charlotte Finch Raikes was at Dee Side House in 1841 (HO 107, piece 2171, folio 563, page 37) and 1851 as a "visitor"(HO 107, piece 2171, folio 563, page 37.

She went to London in May 1854 and died at 24 George Street, Hanover Square, on 5 July 1854. She may have gone for medical reasons as her niece, Cecilia, testified in the court case of 1855 that she was "much very much impaired in mind for near three years before she died." (Cheshire Observer, 6 January 1855 p.5-The Robbery at Dee Side House). In 1828, he took his family on holiday to Switzerland and the River Rhine.

In the summer of 1827, he preached a series of sermons about the attributes of God at the nearby proprietary chapel of St John’s, Bognor.

Chester

Chancellorship In 1828, Raikes’s prospects changed dramatically when his old friend, John Bird Sumner, was appointed Bishop of Chester. In September 1829, Sumner appointed Raikes as his Examining Chaplain and took him on his Manchester visitation.

In November 1830, Raikes was appointed Chancellor of Chester following the death, at the age of 85, of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Parkinson, his non-resident predecessor who had not set foot in Chester for at least five years.

Previously indifferent to high office, Raikes may have accepted the Chancellorship to help his three sons, particularly his eldest son, Henry, who was a student at Cambridge. This son did indeed benefit as, in 1837, he was appointed registrar of the diocese. This office made him profits of about £5,000 a year with little effort.

Raikes delayed moving to Chester for more than a year, using the time to finish and publish Remarks on Clerical Education, a book that proved influential in its call for better training of ordinands. Raikes finally moved to Chester in about April 1832.