This is a list of historic counties of Wales, ordered by population as at the 1971 census.

RankCountyTotal population1Glamorgan1,258,7382Monmouthshire462,1723Denbighshire185,1934Flintshire175,7695Carmarthenshire162,5686Caernarvonshire123,0657Pembrokeshire98,9738Anglesey59,7569Cardiganshire54,87710Breconshire53,38111Montgomeryshire43,13112Merionethshire35,32913Radnorshire18,277

References 1971 census