Pólya (Hungarian for "swaddling clothes") is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Eugen Alexander Pólya (1876–1944), Hungarian surgeon, elder brother of George Pólya Reichel-Polya Operation, a type of partial gastrectomy developed by Eugen Pólya and Friedrich Paul Reichel George Pólya (1887–1985), Hungarian mathematician List of things named after George Pólya (1886–1937), Hungarian graphic artist
See also polyA, characteristic terminal sequence of mRNA