Koho or K'Ho is a South Bahnaric language spoken by the Koho people and Mạ people, mainly in the Lâm Đồng Province of Vietnam. It is very close to the Mnong language.

The autonym of the Kơho people is kon cau () while Koho () is a Cham exonym.

Subgroups and dialects There are at least twelve Kơho dialect groups for the area: Chil (Cil, Til); Kalop (Tulop); Kơyon (Kodu, Co-Don); Làc (Làt, Lach); Mà (Mạ, Maa); Nồp (Nop, Xre Nop, Noup); Pru; Ryông Tô (Riồng, Rion); Sop, Sre (Chau Sơre, Xrê); Talà (To La); and Tring (Trinh). Although Mạ/Maa is a Koho dialect group, the Mạ people identify as a separate ethnic group.

Phonology

Data below are from Olsen (2015).

Consonants

Initial consonants Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalStop Voiceless Aspirated Voiced Implosive Nasal Fricative Rhotic Approximant

The phoneme /r/ is commonly a voiced alveolar trill [r] but also often reduces to a flap [ɾ] when it occurs as the second segment in a consonant cluster.

Final consonants Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Stop Nasal Fricative Rhotic Approximant

Before the palatal finals /c/ and /ɲ/, there is an audible palatal offglide after the vowel [Vʲ], so that /pwac/ ‘flesh’ is pronounced as [pwaʲc] and /ʔaɲ/ ‘I (1st person singular)’ as [ʔaʲɲ].

Vowels   Front Central Back High Close-mid Open-mid Low

Vowels contrast in length.

Morphology

Compounding Compounding is a common way of coining new words in Koho. Some examples: muh mat ‘face’ < muh () ‘nose’ + mat () ‘eye’ phe mbar ‘sticky rice’ < phe () ‘husked rice’ + mbar () ‘sticky’ ôi ao ‘clothes’ < ôi () ‘blanket’ + ao () ‘shirt’

Affixing One of the more productive prefixes in Sre is the causative tơn- , converts intransitive verbs to causative verbs. If the prefixed verbs have a nasal initial, then the nasal cluster avoidance rule applied.

Word Meaning Prefixed form Meaning duh to be hot tơnduh to make hot chơt to die tơnchơt to kill ring to be flat, level, equal tơnring to equalize, make right mut to enter tơmut to make enter muu to descend, go down tơmuu to make descend, to lower

Cultural references

The Vietnamese acrobatic show Teh Dar by Lune Productions uses the Koho language.

References

Sources

Further reading