Copromorphidae, the "tropical fruitworm moths", is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order. These moths have broad, rounded forewings, and well-camouflaged scale patterns. Unlike Carposinidae the mouthparts include "labial palps" with the second rather than third segment the longest. With other unusual structural characteristics of the caterpillar and adult, it could represent the sister lineage of all other extant members of this superfamily (Dugdale et al., 1999). The genus Sisyroxena from Madagascar is also notable for its unusual venation and wing scale sockets (Dugdale et al., 1999).
Etymology The word Copromorphidae derives from the Ancient Greek words () meaning "excrement" and () meaning "shape" or "appearance", a reference to the visual characteristics of the moths' camouflage.
Distribution These moths are widely distributed except the Palearctic region, occurring in Madagascar, India, South East Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, the Neotropics, with limited temperate region coverage except that the genera Lotisma and Ellabella occur in North America, and the latter also in China (Common, 1990). Over 20 belong to the genus Copromorpha occurring in Indo-Australia (Dugdale et al., 1999).
Behaviour Adults are night-flying and attracted to lights. Caterpillars live between joined leaves, flowers or fruits or bore within stems, and some eat leaves. The larvae pupate with the silken gallery or descend to the ground and make a cocoon covered in detritus (Dugdale et al., 1999).
Larval hostplants Caterpillars feed on the families Ericaceae, Moraceae (Ficus) and Berberidaceae. The anomalous genus Isonomeutis is a predator on "scale insects" (Coccoidea; Margarodidae) (Dugdale et al., 1999) on the Podocarpaceae species Dacrydium cupressinum.
Fossils One fossil taxon is known, Copromorpha fossilis Jarzembowski, 1980 from the "Bembridge Marls" of Isle of Wight, a rock formation of Oligocene age, about 35 million years old (Jarzembowski, 1980).
Genera The position of the enigmatic New Zealand genus Isonomeutis in this family in uncertain, as it lacks the flimsy cuticle of the pupa characteristic of other Copromorphoidea. Copromorpha Meyrick, 1886 =Trychnostola Turner, 1916 Aegidomorpha Meyrick, 1932 Cathelotis Meyrick, 1926 Dryanassa Meyrick, 1936 Ellabella Busck, 1925 =Probolacma Meyrick, 1927 =Spilogenes Meyrick, 1938 Endothamna Meyrick, 1922 Isonomeutis Meyrick, 1888 Lotisma Busck, 1909 Neophylarcha Meyrick, 1926 Ordrupia Busck, 1911 Osidryas Meyrick, 1916 =Heterocrita Turner, 1913 Phanerochersa Meyrick, 1926 Phycomorpha Meyrick, 1914 Rhopalosetia Meyrick, 1926 Rhynchoferella Strand, 1915 Saridacma Meyrick, 1930 Syncamaris Meyrick, 1932 Tanymecica Turner, 1916
Formerly placed here Phaulophara Turner, 1916
References Common, I.F.B. (1990). Moths of Australia. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden. 535 pages. Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999). The smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies, Ch.13., pp. 217–232 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York. Jarzembowski, E.A. (1980). Fossil, insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), 33: 237–293. Nasu, Y., Saito, T, Furumi Komai, F. (2004). Discovery of the previously unrecorded family Copromorphidae Meyrick (Lepidoptera) in Japan, with description of a new species and autapomorphies for the family Entomological Science, 7 (1): 73–83.
External links
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