Kebayoran Baru is a district () in the administrative city of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The name was derived from a planned satellite city of the same name which was developed in the post-war period. Kebayoran Baru was the last residential area to be developed by the Dutch colonial administration. The urban planning was laid in a concept of the Garden city movement, consisting of a well-planned residential area, a shopping center, and a business district, supported with civic facilities such as schools, places of worship, hospitals, and parks. Today, the district is home to many important government institutions, such as the Indonesia Stock Exchange building, the ASEAN Headquarters building, the National Police headquarters, and the City Hall of South Jakarta. Sudirman Central Business District is also located in the district.
Toponym The literal meaning of Kebayoran Baru is "New Kebayoran". The word kebayoran itself is derived from kabayuran, meaning "stockpiles of bayur wood (Pterospermum javanicum)".Menteng dan Kebayoran Baru, Nostalgia Kota Taman Tropis Kabayuran or Kebayuran refers to the name of a settlement Kampung Kabayuran (older Dutch spelling Kamp. Kabajoeran), located outside Batavia on the west bank of Grogol River. The settlement was located near an area where stockpiles of timber (including bayur wood) were established to be transported to Batavia via the river. Bayur wood is known for its strength and resistance to termite attack. The Kampung Kabayuran settlement thrived in the early 19th-century but has since been urbanized. This settlement was located roughly on what is now the Kebayoran Railway Station.
Government As a district, the area of Kebayoran Baru is larger than the historic Kebayoran Baru satellite city, including the southern area of Kebayoran Baru and the Sudirman Central Business District to the northeast. The rough boundaries of Kebayoran Baru district are Sudirman Avenue to the northwest, Gatot Subroto Road to the northeast, Krukut River to the east, Cipete Utara Road - Haji Nawi Road to the south, and Grogol River to the west.
The district of Kebayoran Baru is divided into ten kelurahan or subdistricts: Subdistrict Area code Selong 12110 Gunung 12120 Kramat Pela 12130 Gandaria Utara 12140 Cipete Utara 12150 Pulo 12160 Melawai 12160 Petogogan 12170 Rawa Barat 12180 Senayan 12190
History This subsection focuses on the area of Kebayoran Baru that was once the Kebayoran Baru satellite city. The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was very quick. The 730 ha land in Kebayoran was initially planned as a new airport, established to replace Kemayoran Airport (1940) whose location blocked the development of Batavia eastward. This plan was replaced with a plan for a satellite town for Batavia, the Kebajoran. The first idea for the satellite town was started in July 1948 and was immediately approved in September 1948. The new satellite town is located relatively close to Tanah Abang - Serpong railway line, enabling the transport of building construction material to the Kebajoran.
Following the approval of the plan, the colonial government began the land acquisition process for Kebayoran satellite town. On January 17, 1949, the land acquisition process for Kebayoran was completed. In February 1949, the first draft of the town's master plan was completed by Moh. Soesilo. Construction of the master plan followed immediately in March 1949, just a month later. Moh. Soesilo was an urban planner in the Centraal Planologisch Bureau and a student of Thomas Karsten, a renowned Dutch engineer who contributed to the urban planning and the development of architecture in colonial Indonesia. Soesilo designed the master plan for Kebayoran Baru and Pejompongan in 1948; these are the first urban center in the country to be designed by a native Indonesian.
The first laying of the stone was done on March 18, 1949.Tapak Sejarah The first area to be designed is now located around Kebayoran station, on the east side of Grogol River. The construction was done by a specially-established Central Foundation for Reconstruction (, CSW), whose office was established near the current Attorney General building (Kejaksaan Agung) on June 1, 1948. The development of Kebayoran Baru satellite town was completed in 1955.Kebayoran Baru, Riwayatmu Dulu , Kompas 29 Juli 2006. The satellite town was connected to the center of Jakarta via Thamrin and Sudirman, both constructions started in 1949 and was finally opened in 1953. Before the completion of these roads, car access to Kebayoran Baru was via Jalan Palmerah Utara and Jalan Palmerah Selatan (now Jalan Asia Afrika).
Urban planning Kebayoran Baru is designed following the principle of a garden city. Kebayoran Baru is a well-planned district, both in term of its urban planning and its infrastructure. Sudirman Avenue is the main road, which connects Kebayoran Baru to the city center in Central Jakarta. The southern quarter of the Semanggi Interchange is located in Kebayoran Baru.
The total planning area is 730 ha, with about 45% was allocated for the residential area, 16% for green space, and 14% for shops and other buildings. The remaining 25% of Kebayoran Baru area was allocated for roads.
City blocks of Kebayoran Baru
Kebayoran Baru is divided into several blocks (Indonesian blok) from A to S. Today the block names of Kebayoran Baru has been largely forgotten, however some of the names linger in the name of the public facility within the urban block. Below is the list of Kebayoran Baru blocks and its landmarks. Blok A is roughly bounded by Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east, Jalan Petogogan to the west, Jalan Ketimun I to the south and Jalan Kramat Pela to the north. Blok A is the southwesternmost city block of Kebayoran Baru. The block is designed as a residential area served with the Blok A market to the south end of the block. Blok A is now the western part of Pulo Administrative Village. Blok B is located north of Blok A. It is the area bounded by Jalan Kramat Pela-Jalan Gandaria I to the south, Jalan Gandaria Tengah III - Jalan Melawai to the north, and Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east. The area was designed as a residential area west of Jalan Panglima Polim Raya. Several education facilities e.g. Tarakanita 1 Catholic school, and The old cemetery Kuburan Wakaf Sebrang is located in Blok B. Blok B is now part of Kramat Pela Administrative Village. Blok C is located northeast of Blok B. The block is bounded by Jalan Kyai Maja to the north, Jalan Barito II to the west, Jalan Melawai to the south, and Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the east. The area was designed as a residential area west of Jalan Panglima Polim Raya. The houses along Jalan Barito II were among the first to be constructed in the city block, roughly in 1949 (although very little of the original houses survived), and development of the rest of the block was completed in 1950. Blok C contains several post-war landmarks such as the office complex of the Attorney General (Kejaksaan Agung). Other original landmark of Blok C was the St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church near Bendera Pusaka Park. Blok C is now part of Kramat Pela Administrative Village. Blok D is located west of Blok C. The block is bounded by Jalan Kyai Maja to the north, Jalan Gandaria I to the west, Jalan Gandaria Tengah III to the south, and Jalan Barito II to the east. Most of the area of Blok D has been developed in 1949, making it among the oldest city block of Kebayoran Baru. Blok D was designed as a residential area with large green spaces such as the green belt park Taman Barito and Taman Puring. Blok D is part of Kramat Pela Administrative Village. Blok E is located north of Blok D. The block is bounded by Jalan Pakubuwono VI to the north, Jalan Lauser to the east, and Jalan Kyai Maja to the south. Blok E is the westernmost city block of the Kebayoran. Developed in 1949, it is the first block of Kebayoran Baru to be fully developed. The original design of Blok E was mostly allocated for residential area, especially free-standing villas. Among the original landmarks of Blok E were the Majestic Theatre in Nieuwe Bouwen style (demolished, now the BNI office) and the shops of the market area (now called Pasar Mayestik, after the old theatre). The post-war Jengki houses of Blok E along Jalan Pakubuwono are among the most well-preserved post-war architecture in Indonesia. Today some houses in Blok E have been commercialized, especially those along Jalan Pakubuwono. Blok E is currently part of Gunung Administrative Village. Blok F, to the east of Blok E, is bounded by Jalan Lauser to the west, Jalan Pakubuwono VI to the north, Jalan Sisingamangaraja to the east, and Jalan Kyai Maja to the south. The area was designed as a denser residential area to the west of Jalan Sisingamangaraja. Public hospital Pertamina and sport complex Bulungan is located in Blok F. The area is now part of Gunung Administrative Village. Blok G is located northwest of Blok F. The relatively isolated block consists of residential area north of Jalan Pakubuwono, e.g. Jalan Martimbang and Jalan Ophir. Initially designed as a peripheral residential area surrounded by the green riparian zone of Grogol River's, during the course of time, the riparian zone trees of River Grogol has been occupied by new housings caused by lack of governmental control. Blok G is currently part of Gunung Administrative Village. Blok H marks the western part of the northern entrance to Kebayoran Baru residential area. The boundary of the city block is Jalan Hang Lekir to the west, Jalan Pakubuwono VI to the south, Jalan Sisingamangaraja to the east, and Jalan Hang Lekir 1 to the north. It is roughly located southwest of Patung Pemuda. Blok I is located east of Blok H. The block marks the eastern part of the northern entrance to Kebayoran Baru, southeast of the Patung Pemuda. Blok I contains several well-preserved post-war modernist architecture e.g. the flat of Bank Indonesia in Block J. Blok I is now part of Selong Administrative Village. Blok K was designed as the administrative center of Kebayoran area. It was allocated for public facilities and institutions - such as the Great Mosque (now Al-Azhar Great Mosque), the Banknote Factory (now Perum Peruri), and the ASEAN Secretariat Office - surrounding a Central Park (Taman Pusat). This Central Park was maintained as a park only until the late 1970s, when it is converted into government facilities e.g. the high-rise complex of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. Blok K is bounded by Jalan Sisingamangaraja to the west, Jalan Pattimura to the east, and Jalan Trunojoyo to the south. It is now part of Selong Administrative Village. Blok L is marked by Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin - Jalan Iskandarsyah Raya to the southwest, Jalan Tirtayasa to the southeast, Jalan Gunawarman to the east, Jalan Kertanegara to the north, and Jalan Pattimura to the west. The urban block was designed largely as a residential area. Among the first buildings of Blok L is the Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan Kementerian Keuangan Blok M area is marked by Jalan Melawai X to the north, Jalan Iskandarsyah Raya to the east, Jalan Melawai to the south, and Jalan Panglima Polim Raya to the west. The block was exclusively designed for middle-sized commercial area with government-owned Pasar Pusat (Central Market) at the center. The area is served with a bus terminal. Blok M is probably the best known blocks of Kebayoran Baru, the name has been used for names of shopping centers around the area e.g. Blok M Plaza and Blok M Hub. Today Blok M remains the commercial center of Kebayoran Baru, and is known for its food festival and Japanese culture. Blok M is currently located in Melawai Administrative Village.