Kempthorne is a Cornish surname, and may refer to:
Dirk Kempthorne (1951–2026), American politician John Kempthorne (Royal Navy officer) (1620–1679), Cornish admiral John Kempthorne (hymnwriter) (1775–1838), Cornish clergyman John Kempthorne (bishop) (1864–1946), Anglican Bishop of Lichfield Oscar Kempthorne (1919–2000), British statistician Patricia Kempthorne (born 1953), American former First Lady of Idaho Pratt Kempthorne (1849–1931), New Zealand Anglican priest Sampson Kempthorne (1809–1873), English-New Zealand architect Stanley Kempthorne (1886–1963), New Zealand Anglican bishop in Oceania Thomas Whitelock Kempthorne (c.1834–1915), New Zealand manufacturing chemist and businessman
See also Kempthorne Prosser, a former drug and fertiliser manufacturer in New Zealand HMS Kempthorne, a Captain-class frigate of the Royal Navy