Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.Tropicos, Sideroxylon L.Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192-193 in Latin They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."
Distribution The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America as well as in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 236, Bully, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 89. 1754. Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 212, 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon (Engler) Aubreville, Adansonia, n.s. 3: 32. 1963.
Ecology Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct. Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.
Species 83 species are currently accepted.
Sideroxylon acunae - Cuba Sideroxylon alachuense - United States (Florida) Sideroxylon altamiranoi - Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro) Sideroxylon americanum - Mexico (Yucatán Peninsula), West Indies Sideroxylon anomalum - Hispaniola (Barahona Province, Dominican Republic) Sideroxylon beguei - Madagascar Sideroxylon bequaertii - Democratic Republic of the Congo Sideroxylon betsimisarakum - Madagascar Sideroxylon borbonicum - Réunion Sideroxylon boutonianum - Mauritius Sideroxylon brucebenzii – Mexico (Jalisco) Sideroxylon bullatum - Jamaica Sideroxylon canariense - Canary Islands Sideroxylon cantoniense - Southeast China Sideroxylon capiri - Mesoamerica, West Indies Sideroxylon capuronii - Madagascar Sideroxylon cartilagineum - Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Guerrero) Sideroxylon celastrinum - United States (Texas), Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Bahamas Sideroxylon cinereum - Mauritius Sideroxylon cochranei – Mexico (Jalisco) Sideroxylon contrerasii - Mesoamerica Sideroxylon cubense - West Indies Sideroxylon dominicanum - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) Sideroxylon durifolium - Mexico (Chiapas), Belize Sideroxylon ekmanianum - Cuba Sideroxylon eriocarpum - Mexico (Oaxaca) Sideroxylon eucoriaceum - Mexico (Veracruz), Guatemala Sideroxylon eucuneifolium - Guatemala Sideroxylon excavatum - Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca) Sideroxylon fimbriatum - Yemen (Socotra) Sideroxylon floribundum - Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica Sideroxylon foetidissimum - West Indies, Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, United States (Florida) Sideroxylon galeatum - Mauritius (Rodrigues) Sideroxylon gerrardianum - Madagascar Sideroxylon grandiflorum - Mauritius Sideroxylon hirtiantherum - Guatemala, Honduras Sideroxylon horridum - Cuba, Cayman Islands Sideroxylon ibarrae - Guatemala (Baja Verapaz) Sideroxylon inerme - Africa (Somalia to Cape Province, South Africa), Seychelles (Aldabra), French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Juan de Nova I) Sideroxylon jubilla - Cuba Sideroxylon lanuginosum – - United States (Arizona to South Carolina, Kentucky),Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lanuginosum northeastern Mexico Sideroxylon leucophyllum - Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) Sideroxylon lycioides – buckthorn bully - Southeastern United States (Texas to Delaware)Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lycioides Sideroxylon macrocarpum - United States (Georgia) Sideroxylon majus - Réunion Sideroxylon marginatum - Cape Verde Sideroxylon mascatense - Ethiopia to Pakistan Sideroxylon mirmulano - Madeira Sideroxylon moaense - Cuba Sideroxylon montanum - Jamaica Sideroxylon nadeaudii - Tahiti Sideroxylon nervosum - Myanmar Sideroxylon obovatum - West Indies, Venezuela Sideroxylon obtusifolium - Mexico (Veracruz) to Paraguay Sideroxylon occidentale - Mexico (Baja California, Sonora) Sideroxylon octosepalum - Jamaica (Clarendon Parish) Sideroxylon palmeri - Mexico Sideroxylon peninsulare - Mexico (Baja California) Sideroxylon persimile - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad) Sideroxylon picardae - Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic) Sideroxylon polynesicum - United States (Hawaii), French Polynesia (Rapa-Iti) Sideroxylon portoricense - Mesoamerica, Greater Antilles Sideroxylon puberulum - Mauritius Sideroxylon reclinatum - United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina)Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon reclinatum Sideroxylon repens - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) Sideroxylon retinerve - Honduras Sideroxylon rotundifolium - Jamaica Sideroxylon rubiginosum - Hispaniola (Dominican Republic) Sideroxylon salicifolium - West Indies, Mesoamerica, Florida Sideroxylon saxorum - Madagascar Sideroxylon sessiliflorum - Mauritius Sideroxylon socorrense - Mexico (Socorro Island) Sideroxylon spinosum - Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, and Western Sahara Sideroxylon st-johnianum - Pitcairn Islands (Henderson Island) Sideroxylon stenospermum - Mesoamerica Sideroxylon stevensonii - Mexico (Chiapas), Belize, Guatemala Sideroxylon tambolokoko - Madagascar Sideroxylon tenax - United States (Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina)Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax Sideroxylon tepicense - Mesoamerica Sideroxylon thornei - United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama)Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon thornei Sideroxylon verruculosum - Mexico Sideroxylon wightianum - China (Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong), Vietnam
Formerly placed here Micropholis acutangula (as S. acutangulum ) Micropholis crassipedicellata (as S. crassipedicellatum ) Micropholis guyanensis (as S. guyanense ) Micropholis rugosa (as S. rugosum ) Olinia ventosa (as S. cymosum ) Planchonella australis (as S. australe ) Planchonella costata (as S. costatum ) Planchonella eerwah (as S. eerwah ) Planchonella macrantha (as S. macranthum ) Pouteria elegans (as S. elegans ) Pouteria reticulata (as S. uniloculare ) Pouteria sapota (as S. sapota ) Synsepalum dulcificum (as S. dulcificum )
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